使用问卷法和同伴提名法对1039名初一学生进行历时三年的三次追踪测试,采用潜变量增长模型建模,检验初一至初三学生集体主义价值观的变化趋势,并考察性别差异以及不同社会退缩类型（社交淡漠和羞怯）对集体主义价值观的影响。结果发现：（1）青少年集体主义价值观呈线性下降趋势,起始水平存在显著个体差异,变化速度不存在显著个体差异,起始水平和变化速度之间不存在显著关联;（2）女生集体主义价值观的起始水平显著高于男生,而变化速度不存在显著的性别差异;（3）较高的社交淡漠水平对特定时间点上集体主义价值观的下降具有促进作用,而羞怯水平对青少年集体主义价值观的发展没有显著预测作用。
Abstract
Group-oriented cultures are more likely to define individual identity in terms of the relationship between group members, and to emphasize cooperation and interdependence rather than competition and independence. Self-oriented culture is more inclined to believe that individuals have relatively independent identities, to advocate competition and individual initiative, and to emphasize individual differences. Traditional China is a typical country with group-oriented culture. Chinese culture emphasizes group attachment and puts collective goals and interests above individual goals. Group-oriented values are the reflection of group-oriented culture in terms of values. It refers to the value orientation that attaches importance to group goals and achievements, emphasizeing the connection between individuals and groups. Most previous studies have focused on the regional difference, cross-generational change, and the overall changes in the national level during social changes. However, less is known about the developmental trajectories of cultural values of early adolescents in the changing Chinese society.
According to the theory of social change and human development, as a society changes from Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft, the emphasis on cooperation and interdependence shifts correspondingly to that on autonomy and independence. From the perspective of life-span development, values are a dynamic process of change. When adolescents enter puberty, they are more likely to be in such environments as schools and work context, which emphasize individual independence and increase the demand for competition among individuals. However, to our knowledge, there is no empirical research on the development of Chinese adolescents' group-oriented values. Accordingly, a longitudinal study was conducted to examine the developmental trajectories of group-oriented values across Chinese early adolescents.
In the present study, participants were 1,039 Chinese adolescents (53.9% boys) between 11 and 15 years old (MT1 = 12.37 years old, SD = .58 years old). Data were collected in three waves, each one year apart. Measures at all three time points included self-reports of group-oriented values, and peer nominations of social withdrawal (shyness, unsociability). Latent growth model was used to examine: (1) Initial levels and changes in group-oriented values over time; and (2) The prediction of both initial levels and changes in group-oriented values from gender, shyness and unsociability.
Results showed that (1) The group-oriented values of adolescents decreased linearly, and there was significant individual difference in the initial level, but no significant individual difference in the speed of change. There was no significant correlation between the initial level and the speed of change. (2) The initial level of group-oriented values of girls was significantly higher than that of boys, but there was no significant gender difference in the rate of change. (3) The higher level of unsociability promoted the decline of group-oriented values at a specific time point, while shyness had no significant predictive effect on the development of group-oriented values.
Our findings indicate that the developmental trajectories of group-oriented values are affected by unsociability at different developmental stages. A better understanding of the causes of change in group-oriented values across the puberty can shape good cultural values of early adolescents.
关键词
集体主义价值观 /
社交淡漠 /
羞怯 /
线性潜增长模型 /
青少年
Key words
group-oriented values /
unsociability /
shyness /
liner latent growth model /
gender difference /
adolescence
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基金
*本研究得到“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”的资助
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