研究操纵刺激通道（视觉、听觉、视听觉）与年龄（年轻人、老年人）两个自变量,要求被试对目标刺激完成检测任务,通过3个实验考察不同刺激条件对老年人视听觉整合的影响。结果发现,在静态简单刺激条件下（实验1）,老年人和年轻人的视听觉整合没有显著差异;在动态手持工具（实验2）和动态语音刺激条件下（实验3）,老年人的视听觉整合显著大于年轻人。通过对刺激条件的比较发现,年轻人和老年人在识别动态手持工具时诱发的视听觉整合最大,而且老年人的整合时间窗口会随着不同刺激条件发生改变。结果表明,视听觉整合具有很强的刺激依赖性,老年人的视听觉整合受到刺激条件的调节。
Abstract
The process of combining visual and auditory signals into a unified and stable perception is called audiovisual integration. Compared to single sensory information, audiovisual information could improve the probability and speed of correct recognition of stimuli. However, it remains unclear whether audiovisual integration is greater in older adults than in younger adults. Moreover, the stimulus types have an effect on the audiovisual integration. Considering the decreases in perceptual ability and processing speed associated with aging, the underlying mechanisms may be different in the conditions of various stimuli. Therefore, it is needed to further investigate the audiovisual integration of older people across different stimuli conditions.
The present study examined the audiovisual integration in older and younger adults under three different conditions. Experiment 1 used static simple stimuli, Experiment 2 used dynamic hand-held tools, and Experiment 3 used dynamic speech stimuli. Each experiment contained target and standard stimuli and 300 trials, with 60 target stimuli and 240 standard stimuli. The stimuli presentation contained visual, auditory, and audiovisual modalities and were presented randomly to the subjects. Subjects were required to respond both quickly and accurately to the target stimuli with a keystroke (left mouse button) and the standard stimuli without a keystroke. The experiment used a mixed design of 2 (age: younger adults, older adults) × 3 (modality: visual, auditory, audiovisual), where age was a between-subject variable and modality was a within-subject variable. A mixed-measures ANOVA was applied to the response times and hit rates of Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The audiovisual integration was further calculated using the race model inequality (RMI). Subsequently, a longitudinal comparison of different stimulus conditions was conducted to verify the stimulus dependence of audiovisual integration in older adults.
It was found that in the static simple stimulus condition (Experiment 1), there was no significant difference between the audiovisual integration of older and younger adults. In the dynamic hand-held tool (Experiment 2) and dynamic speech stimulus conditions (Experiment 3), the audiovisual integration of older adults was greater than that of younger adults, and the time window of audiovisual integration in older adults was later than that in younger adults. The comparison of stimulus conditions revealed that dynamic handheld tools of audiovisual integration were greatest in younger and older adults. Furthermore, the integration time window in older adults changed with different stimulus conditions.
In summary, the processing of audiovisual integration in older adults in the static simple stimulus condition was similar to that of younger adults. However, in the dynamic hand-held tool and dynamic speech stimulus conditions, older adults preferred to use cross-modality information, indicating a strong stimulus dependence of audiovisual integration in older adults.
关键词
年老化 /
刺激条件 /
视听觉整合 /
竞争模型
Key words
aging effect /
stimuli condition /
audiovisual integration /
race model
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基金
*本研究得到国家自然科学基金项目（31700973）和教育部人文社会科学基金项目（16YJC190025）的资助
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