每日工作重塑和恢复体验与次日职业倦怠的关系:个人资源和工作资源的中介作用&#x0002A;

张晓龙; 笪姝; 高春荣; 张西超

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240317

PDF(889 KB)

心理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3) : 648-656. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240317

社会、人格与管理

每日工作重塑和恢复体验与次日职业倦怠的关系:个人资源和工作资源的中介作用^*

张晓龙¹, 笪姝², 高春荣³, 张西超^*1

作者信息 +

Daily Job Crafting, Recovery Experience, and Next Day Burnout: The Mediating Role of Personal Resource and Job Resource

Zhang Xiaolong¹, Da Shu², Gao Chunrong³, Zhang Xichao¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

在日常工作中,员工会采用不同策略应对压力,这些策略会对职业倦怠产生不同的影响。基于工作要求-资源模型,关注每日工作重塑、恢复体验和员工次日职业倦怠的关系以及个人资源和工作资源的中介作用。以112名全职员工为研究对象,开展连续10个工作日的日记法研究。结果表明：每日工作重塑通过个人资源和工作资源与次日的职业倦怠负相关;员工每日恢复体验通过个人资源与次日的职业倦怠负相关。结果验证了职业倦怠的状态理论,对于未来每天的职业倦怠应对研究具有积极的意义。

Abstract

Burnout is an essential topic in the workplace, which not only affects employees’ performance but also makes them more susceptible to a variety of health problems. In general, burnout has both stable tendency and daily fluctuations. An important factor influencing burnout in daily work life is employees’ coping strategies. Employees use a variety of approaches to cope with burnout, including mitigating the effects of job stressors, making direct changes to job characteristics through job crafting, and creating boundaries between work and non-work domains to reduce conflict between the work and home domains. This study investigates how different daily coping strategies, particularly recovery and job crafting, are related to daily burnout levels based on the Job Demands-Resources model. Further, personal resource and job resource are also included as mediators.
We utilized a daily diary design to test hypotheses. Participants were recruited from social networks such as WeChat and microblogs, and 120 full-time employees volunteered to fill out questionnaires for ten consecutive business days. Specifically, all participants reported job crafting after work on day N, recovery experience in the morning on day N+1, personal and work resources at noon on day N+1, and burnout after work on day N+1. After data cleaning, 112 valid participants and 902 valid questionnaires were remained.
The results indicated that: (1) Employees’ daily job crafting is negatively related to next-day burnout via job resource and personal resource; (2) Employees’ daily recovery experience is negatively related to next-day burnout; (3) Employees’ daily recovery experience is negatively related to next-day burnout via personal resource.
From the theoretical perspective, our study supports the State Theory of Burnout. That is, burnout not only has a long-term stable component but, at the same time, has some fluctuations in daily levels. Meanwhile, this study demonstrates that employees’ everyday recovery experiences and job crafting, as two crucial adaptive coping strategies, have positive implications for mitigating daily burnout. Future research can explore other factors that are related to burnout and how daily burnout can affect other aspects of employees’ lives.
This study also has some practical implications. Burnout has significant detrimental effects on individuals, affecting employees’ psychological and physical health as well as job performance, and predicting more absenteeism. Our study suggests that both job crafting and recovery experiences enable employees to cope better with burnout. Organizations can help employees cope better with burnout by creating an environment conducive to recovery experiences and job crafting.
This study also has some limitations. First, the study data were all obtained from employees' self-reports. The problem of common method variance is inevitable in data analysis. Future data collection could use multiple sources of data collection. Second, only two strategies, job crafting and recovery experience, were considered in this study. In real life, employees may use more affluent strategies to cope with burnout, such as selection, optimization with compensation and spillover. Future research could explore the role of other coping strategies and the interaction among them.

导出引用

张晓龙, 笪姝, 高春荣, 张西超. 每日工作重塑和恢复体验与次日职业倦怠的关系:个人资源和工作资源的中介作用^*[J]. 心理科学. 2024, 47(3): 648-656 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240317

Zhang Xiaolong, Da Shu, Gao Chunrong, Zhang Xichao. Daily Job Crafting, Recovery Experience, and Next Day Burnout: The Mediating Role of Personal Resource and Job Resource[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2024, 47(3): 648-656 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240317

参考文献

[1] 段陆生. (2008). 工作资源、个人资源与33工作投入的关系研究 (硕士学位论文). 河南大学, 开封.
[2] 顾红磊, 温忠麟, 方杰. (2014). 双因子模型: 多维构念测量的新视角. 心理科学, 37(4), 937-979.
[3] 李超平, 时勘. (2003). 分配公平与程序公平对工作倦怠的影响. 心理学报, 35(5), 677-684.
[4] 马红宇, 谢菊兰, 唐汉瑛. (2014). 组织分割供给与工作情绪衰竭的关系: 工作心理脱离和工作→非工作冲突的中介作用. 心理与行为研究, 12(4), 527-532.
[5] 孙旭, 严鸣, 储小平. (2014). 坏心情与工作行为: 中庸思维跨层次的调节作用. 心理学报, 46(11), 1704-1718.
[6] 周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
[7] Alkharusi, H. (2012). Categorical variables in regression analysis: A comparison of dummy and effect coding. International Journal of Education, 4(2), 202.
[8] Bakker, A. B., & Costa, P. L. (2014). Chronic job burnout and daily functioning: A theoretical analysis. Burnout Research, 1(3), 112-119.
[9] Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands-Resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273-285.
[10] Bakker A. B., Demerouti E., & Sanz-Vergel A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389-411.
[11] Bakker, A. B., & de Vries, J. D. (2021). Job Demands-Resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 34(1), 1-21.
[12] Bandura, A. (1989). Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-effißcacy. Developmental Psychology, 25(5), 729-735.
[13] Bennett A. A., Bakker A. B., & Field J. G. (2018). Recovery from work-related effort: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(3), 262-275.
[14] Boujut E., Popa-Roch M., Palomares E. A., Dean A., & Cappe E. (2017). Self-efficacy and burnout in teachers of students with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 36, 8-20.
[15] Demerouti, E. (2015). Strategies used by individuals to prevent burnout. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 45(10), 1106-1112.
[16] Demerouti E., Mostert K., & Bakker A. B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: A thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209-222.
[17] Demerouti, E., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2018). Transmission of reduction-oriented crafting among colleagues: A diary study on the moderating role of working conditions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(2), 209-234.
[18] Derks, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Smartphone use, work-home interference, and burnout: A diary study on the role of recovery. Applied Psychology, 63(3), 411-440.
[19] Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychosocial safety climate as a precursor to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 579-599.
[20] González L., García-Merita M., Castillo I., & Balaguer I. (2016). Young athletes' perceptions of coach behaviors and their implications on their well-and ill-being over time. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(4), 1147-1154.
[21] Hobfoll S. E., Johnson R. J., Ennis N., & Jackson A. P. (2003). Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 632-643.
[22] Karabinski T., Haun V. C., Nübold A., Wendsche J., & Wegge J. (2021). Interventions for improving psychological detachment from work: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(3), 224-242.
[23] Leone S. S., Huibers M. J. H., Knottnerus J. A., & Kant I. (2008). A comparison of the course of burnout and prolonged fatigue: A 4-year prospective cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65(1), 31-38.
[24] Maslach C., Jackson S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press.
[25] Miočević, M. (2019). A tutorial in Bayesian mediation analysis with latent variables. Methodology, 15(4), 137-146.
[26] Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables: User's guide (Version 8). Muthén & Muthén.
[27] Peterson U., Demerouti E., Bergström G., Samuelsson M., Åsberg M., & Nygren Å. (2008). Burnout and physical and mental health among Swedish healthcare workers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 84-95.
[28] Petrou P., Demerouti E., Peeters M. C. W., Schaufeli W. B., & Hetland J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141.
[29] Pierce J. L., Gardner D. G., Cummings L. L., & Dunham R. B. (1989). Organization-based self-esteem: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 622-648.
[30] Podsakoff N. P., Spoelma T. M., Chawla N., & Gabriel A. S. (2019). What predicts within-person variance in applied psychology constructs? An empirical examination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(6), 727-754.
[31] Schaufeli W. B., Leiter M. P., & Maslach C. (2009). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14(3), 204-220.
[32] Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219-247.
[33] Simbula, S. (2010). Daily fluctuations in teachers' well-being: A diary study using the Job Demands-Resources model. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 23(5), 563-584.
[34] Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528.
[35] Sonnentag S., Dormann C., & Demerouti, E. (2010). Not all days are created equal: The concept of state work engagement In A B Bakker & M P Leiter (Eds), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp 25-38) Psychology Press The concept of state work engagement. In A. B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 25-38). Psychology Press.
[36] Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). The recovery experience questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3), 204-221.
[37] Sonnentag, S., & Natter, E. (2004). Flight attendants' daily recovery from work: Is there no place like home? International Journal of Stress Management, 11(4), 366-391.
[38] Sonnentag S., Venz L., & Casper A. (2017). Advances in recovery research: What have we learned? What should be done next? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 365-380.
[39] Steed L. B., Swider B. W., Keem S., & Liu J. T. (2021). Leaving work at work: A meta-analysis on employee recovery from work. Journal of Management, 47(4), 867-897.
[40] Suh J. S., Kim J. H., & Lee J. S. (2015). Effect of job satisfaction and self-esteem on psychological burnout in dietitians at geriatric hospital in Busan. Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association, 21(4), 261-279.
[41] Tadić M., Bakker A. B., & Oerlemans, W. G. M. (2015). Challenge versus hindrance job demands and well-being: A diary study on the moderating role of job resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(4), 702-725.
[42] ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). Staying engaged during the week: The effect of off-job activities on next day work engagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(4), 445-455.
[43] Tims M., Bakker A. B., & Derks D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173-186.
[44] Tims M., Bakker A. B., & Derks D. (2013). The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 230-240.
[45] Tims M., Bakker A. B., & Derks D. (2015). Job crafting and job performance: A longitudinal study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(6), 914-928.
[46] van Gelderen B. R., Bakker A. B., Konijn E. A., & Demerouti E. (2011). Daily suppression of discrete emotions during the work of police service workers and criminal investigation officers. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 24(5), 515-537.
[47] van Wingerden J., Bakker A. B., & Derks D. (2017). Fostering employee well-being via a job crafting intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 164-174.
[48] Vogt K., Hakanen J. J., Brauchli R., Jenny G. J., & Bauer G. F. (2016). The consequences of job crafting: A three-wave study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(3), 353-362.
[49] Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A. B., Demerouti E., & Schaufeli W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 235-244.
[50] Xanthopoulou D.,& Meier, L. L. (2014). Daily burnout experiences: Critical events and measurement challenges In M P Leiter, A B Bakker, & C Maslach (Eds), Burnout at work: A psychological perspective Psychology Press Critical events and measurement challenges. In M. P. Leiter, A. B. Bakker, & C. Maslach (Eds.), Burnout at work: A psychological perspective. Psychology Press.
[51] Yuan, Y., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2009). Bayesian mediation analysis. Psychological Methods, 14(4), 301-322.