高负荷下聋大学生视觉工作记忆容量与过滤效能的双重缺陷*

陈影; 周丽; 王艳; 潘前前; 梁永胜; 杨福义

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250504

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心理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5) : 1062-1075. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250504

基础、实验与工效

高负荷下聋大学生视觉工作记忆容量与过滤效能的双重缺陷^*

陈影¹, 周丽², 王艳³, 潘前前⁴, 梁永胜⁵, 杨福义^**6

作者信息 +

Dual Deficits in Visual Working Memory Capacity and Filtering Efficiency in Deaf College Students under Higher Load

Chen Ying¹, Zhou Li², Wang Yan³, Pan Qianqian⁴, Liang Yongsheng⁵, Yang Fuyi⁶

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

研究采用变化察觉范式,通过两个实验分别比较聋大学生和健听大学生视觉工作记忆容量和无关过滤效能,探讨聋大学生视觉工作记忆是否存在损伤。实验1发现聋大学生视觉工作记忆容量整体更小,但仅在高负荷条件下容量缺陷才显著。实验2发现聋大学生和健听大学生对编码阶段无关客体均有一定过滤困难,两群体视觉工作记忆容量与过滤效能也都显著相关;但聋大学生过滤效能显著更差,且任务负荷越大,其对无关客体过滤越差。研究结果反映出聋大学生视觉工作记忆加工的一般性与特异性：容量和过滤效能在高负荷下显著更差,但二者关系与健听大学生相似。研究结果支持聋人视功能发展的整合假说。

Abstract

More than 80% of human information comes through the visual channel. Visual working memory serves as a resource-limited cognitive system specialized in temporarily storing and processing visual information. Attention involves the selection and allocation of information, with which controlling and regulating the flexible allocation of cognitive resources during information processing. From the perspective of individual differences, research has shown that the performance differences in visual working memory capacity among groups and individuals within groups, which can predict higher cognitive functions such as fluid intelligence and problem-solving, may be related to the efficiency of attention selection, such as filtering out irrelevant information during the encoding.
Early sensory deprivation, such as hearing loss, can profoundly alter brain structure and function. For individuals with profound hearing loss, vision becomes a primary modality for environmental interaction and information acquisition.This population thus offers critical insights into plasticity mechanisms driven by perceptual deprivation. Additionally, prolonged engagement with visual language (e.g., sign language, lip-reading) may exhibit specialized adaptations in visual processing. However, non-verbal visual processing in individuals with hearing loss has received limited scholarly attention. Furthermore, existing empirical evidence remains inconclusive as to whether their visual functions are superior to those of hearing individuals (Compensation Theory), impaired (Deficit Theory), or selectively modulated by environmental demands (Integration Theory). Moreover, little research has focused on the interaction between visual working memory and visual attention between individuals with and without hearing loss. Consequently, whether impairments in VWM capacity and its underlying attention mechanisms(i.e., filtering efficiency) exist in the deaf remain unclear to date.
Using a change detection paradigm, this study examined differences in visual working memory (VWM) capacity and irrelevant stimulus filtering efficiency between deaf and hearing college students. Experiment 1 demonstrated that while the deaf group showed generally reduced VWM capacity, pronounced deficits were observed exclusively under high cognitive load. In Experiment 2, both groups exhibited impaired filtering of task-irrelevant stimuli during encoding, with VWM capacity strongly linked to filtering efficiency. Critically, the deaf group displayed significantly weaker filtering efficiency, and their susceptibility to irrelevant interference intensified proportionally with task demands. In summary, this study reveals a dual pattern in the visual working memory of deaf college students: while their capacity and filtering efficiency markedly decline under high cognitive load compared to hearing peers, the intrinsic coupling between these two metrics remains conserved. These findings align with the Integration Theory, suggesting that visual processing in hearing loss populations reflects both compensatory plasticity and residual constraints of sensory deprivation.

导出引用

陈影, 周丽, 王艳, 潘前前, 梁永胜, 杨福义. 高负荷下聋大学生视觉工作记忆容量与过滤效能的双重缺陷^*[J]. 心理科学. 2025, 48(5): 1062-1075 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250504

Chen Ying, Zhou Li, Wang Yan, Pan Qianqian, Liang Yongsheng, Yang Fuyi. Dual Deficits in Visual Working Memory Capacity and Filtering Efficiency in Deaf College Students under Higher Load[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2025, 48(5): 1062-1075 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250504

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