家庭关系与儿童心理健康的关系：一项三水平元分析&#x0002A;

赵成佳; 黄潇潇; 俞国良

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250616

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心理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6) : 1481-1496. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250616

新时代社会心理服务研究

家庭关系与儿童心理健康的关系：一项三水平元分析^*

赵成佳¹, 黄潇潇^2,3, 俞国良^**4

作者信息 +

The Relationship between Family Relationships and Children's Mental Health: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis

Zhao Chengjia¹, Huang Xiaoxiao^2,3, Yu Guoliang⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

家庭关系（包括婚姻、亲子和同胞关系）作为家庭系统中的重要变量,与儿童心理健康关系的理论与实证研究结果均存在分歧。研究对包含581个效应量和427585名儿童的312篇文献进行三水平元分析和相对权重分析。结果发现：（1）积极家庭关系显著缓解儿童抑郁和焦虑,提升幸福感,消极家庭关系相反;（2）在对抑郁的影响上,亲子关系作用最强、婚姻关系次之、同胞关系最弱,在对焦虑的影响上,亲子关系作用最强;婚姻关系最弱;而在对幸福感的影响上,婚姻关系作用最强,亲子关系次之;（3）文化背景和家庭关系报告者可发挥调节作用。研究结果有助于厘清不同类型家庭关系与儿童心理健康的关系、相对影响力及影响机制,为家庭干预与政策设计提供靶向性依据。

Abstract

Family relationships play a crucial role in children’s mental health development, serving as the primary social context for psychological growth and adjustment. However, existing research demonstrates inconsistent findings regarding their relative importance and impacts on children’s mental health outcomes. While some studies emphasize the dominant role of parent-child relationships, others highlight the significance of marital relationships. Similarly, the role of sibling relationships remains debated, with mixed evidence on their unique contributions. Furthermore, theoretical perspectives offer contrasting predictions: the protective theory posits that positive family relationships promote mental health, the contagion risk theory cautions against potential negative effects even within positive relationships, and the multiple influence theory underscores the complex interplay of family subsystems. This three-level meta-analysis addresses these inconsistencies by (1) examining associations between three family relationship types (parent-child, marital, sibling) and children’s mental health (depression, anxiety, well-being), (2) quantifying their relative impacts via relative weight analysis, and (3) exploring moderating effects of gender ratio, developmental stage, cultural background, and family relationship informants.
The analysis synthesized findings from 312 studies (2010~2023), comprising 320 independent samples (N = 427,585). Three-level meta-analytic models revealed significant associations between family relationships and children's mental health outcomes. Positive family relationships showed negative correlations with depression (parent-child: r = -.30, 95%CI = [-.35, -.28]; marital: r = -.18, 95%CI = [-.34, -.01]; sibling: r = -.15, 95%CI = [-.21, -.09]) and anxiety (parent-child: r = -.22, 95%CI = [-.29, -.17]; marital: r = -.21, 95%CI = [-.36, -.08]), while demonstrating positive correlations with well-being (parent-child: r = .41, 95%CI = [.38, .49]). Negative family relationships exhibited opposite patterns, showing positive correlations with depression (parent-child: r = .30, 95%CI = [.27, .34]; marital: r = .30, 95%CI = [.27, .35]; sibling: r = .26, 95%CI = [.13, .40]) and anxiety (parent-child: r = .33, 95%CI = [.27, .42]; marital: r = .27, 95%CI = [.18, .36]), and negative correlations with well-being (parent-child: r = -.19, 95%CI = [-.37, -.02]; marital: r = -.29, 95%CI = [-.37, -.22]). Relative weight analysis revealed that parent-child relationships contributed the most variance to depression (positive: 68.86%; negative: 35.32%) and anxiety (positive: 53.11%; negative: 63.04%), followed by marital relationships (depression-positive: 17.78%, depression-negative: 34.94%; anxiety-positive: 46.89%, anxiety-negative: 36.96%), and sibling relationships (depression-positive: 13.36%, depression-negative: 29.72%). However, for well-being, marital relationships demonstrated stronger effects than parent-child relationships, with negative marital relationships explaining 75.51% of the variance compared to 24.49% for negative parent-child relationships. Moderator analyses identified significant effects of cultural background, and relationship reporters. Associations were consistently stronger in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures. Children-reported marital conflict showed stronger associations with depression compared to parental-reported. Gender ratio and developmental stage showed no significant moderating effects, suggesting the universality of these family relationship impacts across gender and age groups.
This study provides robust support for protective theory by demonstrating that positive family relationships correlate with better mental health outcomes in children, whereas negative relationships show stronger associations with elevated risks of depression and anxiety. Relative weight analysis revealed differential correlational strengths across subsystems: parent-child relationships exhibited the strongest correlations with depression and anxiety, consistent with their proximal “developmental cornerstone” role, while negative marital relationships demonstrated a stronger inverse correlation with well-being compared to negative parent-child relationships, underscoring the unique salience of marital dynamics in emotional climate formation. Cultural context and family relationship informants significantly moderated these associations: collectivistic cultures showed stronger correlations overall, and child-reported marital conflict correlated more strongly with depression than parental reports. These patterns align with multiple influence theories, advocating for interventions that prioritize culturally attuned parent-child support programs and marital conflict resolution strategies to target subsystem-specific correlations.

导出引用

赵成佳, 黄潇潇, 俞国良. 家庭关系与儿童心理健康的关系：一项三水平元分析^*[J]. 心理科学. 2025, 48(6): 1481-1496 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250616

Zhao Chengjia, Huang Xiaoxiao, Yu Guoliang. The Relationship between Family Relationships and Children's Mental Health: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2025, 48(6): 1481-1496 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250616

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