建议寻求时的能力-热情偏好：思维模式和信息共享感的作用*

胡寅凤; 毕重增

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260311

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心理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3) : 622-632. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260311

社会、人格与管理

建议寻求时的能力-热情偏好：思维模式和信息共享感的作用^*

胡寅凤 ,
毕重增 ^**

作者信息 +

Competence vs. Warmth?: Thinking Styles and Information Sharing Perceptions Shape Advice-Seeking Preferences

Hu Yinfeng ,
Bi Chongzeng ^**

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

人们的建议寻求意愿及偏好受社会认知的影响。采用情境模拟实验，通过2个研究分别探讨思维模式（实验1）和信息共享感（实验2）对建议寻求时能力-热情偏好的影响。结果发现，寻求他人建议时人们偏好能力对象，但能力偏好效应依赖于分析思维的启动并受信息共享感的影响；决策者感知到信息完全共享时，建议寻求的能力偏好和思维模式的作用与未知共享信息时一致；决策者感知到信息不完全共享时，能力偏好逆转为热情偏好，且依赖于直觉思维的启动。研究不仅明确了建议寻求时的能力偏好效应，为利益依赖假说提供支持，还发现了信息不完全共享时能力偏好会转化为热情偏好。

Abstract

Research has shown that the impressions and cognitive evaluations individuals form of others influence their willingness to seek advice and whom they prefer to ask. For example, people tend to seek advice from those they perceive as competent or warm individuals (e.g., confident or polite). However, it is unclear whether competence or warmth is the preferred trait when seeking advice. Most relevant studies have focused on how an advisor’s impression affects advice-taking, and these studies have typically examined only a single dimension, overlooking the fact that ambivalent stereotypes—where individuals may be seen as both competent and lacking in warmth, or vice versa—are more commonly formed in real life. Accordingly, the present study examined individuals’ willingness and preferences for seeking advice from high competence-low warmth (HC-LW) and high warmth-low competence (HW-LC) individuals to test whether competence or warmth is more valued. In decision-making, thinking styles play a critical role in shaping outcomes. The different cognitive and emotional needs of decision-makers, depending on their mode of thinking, can influence their advice-seeking preferences. Since the goal of seeking advice is often to gather new information, decision-makers tend to prefer advisors with unique insights. The level of information sharing between decision-makers and advisors determines how well these needs are met, which affects their preference for competence or warmth. This study also investigates how thinking styles and perceptions of information sharing impact advice-seeking preferences.

Experiment 1 investigated the impact of thinking styles on advice-seeking preferences using an escape room scenario task. A total of 163 participants were assigned to a 2 (ambivalent stereotypes: HC-LW, HW-LC) × 2 (thinking styles: analytical, intuitive) mixed experimental design, with 84 participants engaged in analytical thinking and 79 in intuitive thinking. All participants read advice-seeking scenarios and assessed their willingness to seek advice from two individuals representing ambivalent stereotypes, as well as their preference between the two. The results showed that participants generally preferred seeking advice from HC-LW individuals. However, a clear preference for competence emerged only when analytical thinking was activated, while no preference for competence or warmth was observed under intuitive thinking.

Experiment 2 further examined how advice-seeking preferences are influenced by thinking styles under different information sharing states. A total of 315 participants were randomly assigned to a 3-factor mixed experimental design: 2 (ambivalent stereotypes: HC-LW, HW-LC) × 2 (thinking styles: analytical, intuitive) × 2 (shared information states: fully shared information, incompletely shared information). Of these participants, 158 were in the fully shared information group (73 engaged in analytical thinking, and 85 engaged in intuitive thinking), and 157 were in the incompletely shared information group (80 engaged in analytical thinking and 77 engaged in intuitive thinking). The experimental procedure was similar to that of Experiment 1, except participants received information about the state of shared information between the decision-maker and the advisor after the contextual imagery task. The findings revealed that the fully shared information scenario produced results similar to those observed in Experiment 1, in which no specific information about sharing was provided. In contrast, the incompletely shared information scenario led to a greater preference for warmth, with the intuitive thinking group favoring advice from HW-LC individuals, whereas the analytical thinking group showed no preference between the two ambivalent stereotype individuals.

This study clarifies the competence preference effect when people seek advice from others, provides direct support for the “interest-interdependence hypothesis”. In addition, this study explores how two key variables, thinking styles and perceptions of information sharing states, affect the competence preference effect, and identifies the conditions under which competence preference disappears or reverses, providing new insights into the mechanisms of preference change in the process of advice seeking.

导出引用

胡寅凤, 毕重增. 建议寻求时的能力-热情偏好：思维模式和信息共享感的作用^*[J]. 心理科学. 2026, 49(3): 622-632 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260311

Hu Yinfeng, Bi Chongzeng. Competence vs. Warmth?: Thinking Styles and Information Sharing Perceptions Shape Advice-Seeking Preferences[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2026, 49(3): 622-632 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260311

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