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共变信息的程度差异对归因的影响
The Influences of the Extents’ differences of Covariation Information on Attributions
本研究通过两个实验探讨了1种自我关联的共变信息的程度差异对归因的影响。实验1中38名被试阅读一些情境，情境中包含被试好/不好的结果、及相关的一致性信息，并操作一致性的程度，然后在原因的4个维度进行归因。结果表明一致性高/低分别被归于人的外/内因，而一致性信息无或不明确时的归因则在内外归因之间。同时在4个原因维度均表现出利己归因偏好，一致性信息的程度差异对利己归因偏好没有显著干扰作用。实验2采用实验1的方法但给予了区别性信息，实验2基本复制了实验1的结果。另外本研究发现一致性或区别性高时在可控制性维度利己归因偏好消失。最后探讨了共变信息对归因及利己归因偏好的影响。
This study examined the influences of the extents’ differences of one self-relevant covariation information on attributions by two experiments. In experiment 1, thirty eight subjects read and imaged some situations with their good/bad outcome and one relevant consensus information which extents were manipulated, and made attributions on 4 causal dimensions. The results showed that high/low consensus was attributed to external/internal cause respectively, and the attributions in the conditions that consensus information was not given or unclear were located between internal and external cause. Moreover, Self-serving attributional bias was showed in 4 causal dimensions, and the extents’ differences of consensus information did not interference Self-serving attributional bias significantly. Experiment 2 took same method with experiment 1, but distinctiveness information was given. Experiment 2 basically reproduced the results in experiment 1. Furthermore, this study found that Self-serving attributional bias disappeared in controllableness dimension in the conditions of high consensus or distinctiveness. Finally, the influences of covariation information on attributions and Self-serving Attributional Bias were discussed.
共变信息 / 原因维度 / 归因的联合模型 / 利己归因偏好
covariation information / causal dimension / The Joint Model of Attribution / Self-serving Attributional Bias
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