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内在锚与外在锚对锚定效应及其双加工机制的影响
The Anchoring Effects in Differential Sources of Anchors Information: How Experimenter Provided Anchors and Self-generated Anchors Affect Dual-Processing Model Selective Accessibility Model
通过2（外在锚类型：高锚VS低锚）×2（内在锚类型：有VS无）被试间设计，考察不同锚定信息来源：由外部世界提供的外在锚与个体自身内部产生的内在锚信息对锚定效应及其加工机制的影响。结果发现：（1）当内在锚不存在时，外在高低锚组的估计值有显著差异，当内在锚存在时此种差异变得不显著；（2）当内在锚存在时，外在高低锚组被试的答题反应时有显著差异，内在锚与外在锚一致时反应时比不一致时更快，当内在锚不存在时，此种差异变得不显著。实验结果表明，当锚定调整机制与选择通达机制同时存在时，前者更占优势；锚定信息一致性会影响不同加工机制的启动，一致的信息会激活选择通达机制，不一致的信息则会激活锚定调整机制。
This study investigated the relationship between the anchoring and adjustment heuristic and selective accessibility model of anchoring effects by 64 college students participated in the laboratory experiment. The results showed that: (1) only without self-generated anchors, there is a significant difference in participants’ estimated between who were exposed to the high anchor and those who were exposed to the low anchor. (2) Only with self-generated anchors, there is a significant difference in participants’ estimated response latencies between who were exposed to the high anchor and those who were exposed to the low anchor. The results of our current study suggest that the anchoring and adjustment heuristic is more dominant than selective accessibility model when they are showed up at the same time. The consistency of anchor information would affect different processing mechanisms’ activation, anchor-consistent information would activate selective accessibility model, anchor-inconsistent information would activate anchoring and adjustment heuristic, which is making participants’ estimated reaction time longer than the former.
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