任务定势对自动语义激活过程调节作用的ERP研究

宋娟; 吕勇

PDF(589 KB)

心理科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1) : 30-37.

基础、实验与工效

任务定势对自动语义激活过程调节作用的ERP研究

宋娟¹,吕勇²

作者信息 +

Task-set Effect on Automatic Semantic Activation: An ERPs Study

Song Juan,

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

摘要：本研究致力于探讨自上而下的因素对自动加工的影响。选取的自上而下因素为任务定势，自动加工过程为自动语义激活过程。研究采用ERPs技术，中文词汇为刺激，利用掩蔽启动范式，采用反应时和N400为指标。实验任务有三个：对问号后出现的词进行生物/非生物的词汇分类判断；对圆圈后出现的词进行是否含上下结构的字的词汇结构判断；对带“*”的词进行真词/假词判断。研究发现先前完成的任务形成的任务定势会对随后的自动语义激活过程产生调节作用：在词汇分类判断任务后，掩蔽启动刺激对靶刺激产生启动效应。在词汇结构判断任务后，掩蔽启动刺激对靶刺激没产生显著的启动效应。

Abstract

Abstract: The study mainly concerned whether the top-down task factors could modulate automatic semantic activation using masked priming paradigm, Chinese two –character words stimuli and ERPs technique. The top-down task factors was task-set. The idexes were RT and N400. There were three kinds of tasks: subjects were asked to perform categorization task or structure decision task of the prime which separately had a “?” or a circle on it and to perform lexical decision task with the words that had a star symbol on it, which is the targets. The results showed that top-down task-set could modulate automatic semantic activation: After semantic categorization task the priming effect of masked primes on targets took place; After structure decision task the priming effect of masked primes on targets did not happen.

导出引用

宋娟吕勇. 任务定势对自动语义激活过程调节作用的ERP研究[J]. 心理科学. 2012, 35(1): 30-37

Song Juan. Task-set Effect on Automatic Semantic Activation: An ERPs Study[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2012, 35(1): 30-37

参考文献

Deacon, D., Hewitt, S., Chien-Ming, Y., Nagata, M. (2000). Event-related potential indices of semantic priming using masked and unmasked words: evidence that the N400 does not reflect a post-lexical process, Cognitive Brain Research, 9, 137-146. Gilbert, C. D., Sigman, M. (2007). Brain states: Top-down influences in sensory processing. Neuron, 54, 677-696. Kahan, T. A. (2000). Negative priming from masked words: Retrospective prime clarification or center-surround inhibition? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(6), 1392-1410. Kiefer, M. (2002). The N400 is modulated by unconsciously perceived masked words: further evidence for an automatic spreading activation account of N400 priming effects. Cognitive Brain Research, 13, 27-39. Kiefer, M. (2006). Top-down Modulation automatischer Prozesse durch Aufgabeneinstellungen [Top down modulation of automatic processes by task sets]. Paper presented at the Teap, Meinz, Germany. Kiefer, M., Brendel, D. (2006). Attentional modulation of unconscious ‘automatic’ processes: Evidence from event-related potentials in a masked priming paradigm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 184-198. Luck, S. J., Vogel, E. K., Shapiro, K.L. (1996). Word meanings can be accessed but not reported during the attentional blink. Nature, 383, 616–618. Mari-Beffa, P., Valdes, B., Cullen, D. J. D. et al. (2005). ERP analyses of task effects on semantic processing from words. Cognitive Brain Research, 23, 293-305. Miller, B. T., D’ Esposito, M. (2005). Searching for “the Top” in top-down control. Neuron, 48, 535-538. Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R. (1975). Attention and cognitive control. In R. L. Solso (Ed.), Information processing and cognition: The Loyola Symposium (pp. 55-85). HillSDale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Rolke, B., Heil, M., Streb, J., Henninghausen, E. (2001). Missed prime words within the attentional blink evoke an N400 semantic priming effect. Psychophysiology, 38, 165-174. Schneider, W., Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1-66. Smith, J. E. K. (1982). Simple algorithms for M-alternative forced-choice calculations. Perception and Psychophysics, 31(1), 95-96. Sui, J., Zhu, Y., Han, S. H. (2006). Self-face recognition in attended and unattended conditions: an event-related brain potential study. Neuroreport: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, 17(4), 423-427. Taft, M., Zhu, X. P. (1999). Positional Specificity of Radicals in Chinese Character Recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 498-519. Verleger, R., Ja?kowski, P., Aydemir, A., Van der Lubbe, R. H. J., Groen, M. (2004). Qualitative differences between conscious and non-conscious processing? On negative and positive priming effects induced by masked arrows. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 494-515. Wager, T. D., Jonides, J., Reading, S. (2004). Neuroimaging studies of shifting attention: a meta-analysis. NeuroImage, 22, 1679-1693. Liu, W. (2004). An experiment study of semantic transparency in the processing of compounds. Unpublished Doctorial Dissertation. Beijing Language and Culture University. [刘伟. (2004). 语义透明度对留学生双音节合成词词汇通达的影响. 博士学位论文. 北京语言大学.]