Ethnic identity has become a hot issue, because it is of great significance to individual mental health as well as national unity and harmony. The concept of ethnic identity, the relationships between ethnic identity and its related concepts were analyzed according to the widening trend of the concept. On the basis of describing the multi-dimensional measurement of ethnic identity, MEIM, MEIM-R and EIS scales were compared. From the empirical point of view, the relevant and latest researches in which ethnic identity were used as the moderator or mediator were summarized. In future, the basic ways to deepen ethnic identity study include uniformizing pivotal terminologies, making research methods more precise and levels of assessment more comprehensive.
Review on Conception, Measurement and Empirical Researches of Ethnic Identity[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2012, 35(2): 467-471
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
崔新建. (2004).文化认同及其根源.北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）, 4,102–105.
秦向荣, 佐斌. (2007).民族认同的心理学实证研究: 11～20岁青少年民族认同的结构和状况. 湖北民族学院学报 (哲学社会科学版 ), 6, 37–41.
王亚鹏. (2002). 藏族大学生的民族认同、文化适应与心理疏离感. 硕士学位论文. 西北师范大学.
郑晓云. (1992).文化认同与文化变迁. 北京：中国社会科学出版社.
Anderson, A. B. (1980). The survival of ethno-linguistic minorities: Canadian and comparative
research. In H. Giles & B. St Jacques (Eds.), Language and ethnic interaction(pp. 67–79). Oxford, England: Pergamon.
Ashmore, R., Deaux, K., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2004). An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality.Psychological Bulletin, 130, 80–114.
Carla, J., & Regianld, J. (1998). Racial Identity, African Self-consciousness, and Career Decision Making in African American College Women. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 26, 28–36.
Cokley, K. (2005). Racial(ized) identity, ethnic identity, and Afrocentric values: Conceptual and methodological challenges in understanding African American identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 517–526.
Cokley, K. (2007). Critical Issues in the Measurement of Ethnic and Racial Identity:A Referendum on the State of the Field. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 224–234.
Costigan, C., Su, T. F., & Hua, J. M. (2009). Ethnic Identity Among Chinese Canadian Youth:A Review of the Canadian Literature. Canadian Psychology, 50, 261–272.
Cross, W. E., Jr. & Cross, T. B. (in press). Theory, research, and models. In S. M. Quintana & C. McKown (Eds.), Race, racism and developing child. New York: Wiley.
Cynthia, F. (2009). Education and Ethnic Identity Formation among Children of Latin American and Caribbean Immigrants. Sociological Perspectives, 52, 135–158.
French, S., Seidman, E., Allen, L., & Aber, J. L. (2006). The development of ethnic identity during adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1–10.
Gurung, R. A., & Mehta, V. (2001). Relating ethnic identity, acculturation,and attitudes toward treating minority clients. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 7, 139–151.
Gushue, G. (2006). The relationship of ethnic identity, career decisionmaking self-efficacy and outcome expectations among Latino/a high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 85–95.
Guzman, M. R., Santiago-Rivera, A., & Hasse, R. F. (2005). Understandingacademic attitudes and achievement in Mexican-origin youths: Ethnic identity, other-group orientation, and fatalism. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11, 3–15.
Helms, J., & Talleyrand, R. (1997). Race is not ethnicity. American Psychologist, 52, 1246–1247.
Helms, J. E. (2007). Some better practices for measuring racial and ethnic identity constructs. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 235–246.
Holmes, K. J., & Lochman. J. E. (2009). Ethnic identity in African American and European American preadolescents: Relation to self-worth, social goals, and aggression. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 476–496.
Jaret, C., & Reitzes, D. C. ( 2009). Currents in a stream: College student identities and ethnic identities and their relationship with self-esteem, efficacy, and grade point average in an urban university. Social Science Quarterly, 90, 345–367.
Kiang, L., Yip, T., Gonzales, M., Witkow, M., & Fuligni, A. (2006). Ethnic identity and daily psychological well-being of adolescents from Mexican and Chinese backgrounds. Child Development, 77, 1338–1350.
Kim, S., & Gelfand, M. (2003). The influence of ethnic identity on perceptions of organizational recruitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior,63, 396–416.
Kuhn, T. S. (1996). The structure of scientific revolutions (3rd ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kwan, K. K., & Sodowsky, G. R. (1997). Internal and external ethnic identity and their correlates: A study of Chinese American immigrants.Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 25, 51–67.
Laroche, M., Kim, C., & Tomiuk, M. (1998). A test of nonlinear relationship between linguistic
acculturation and ethnic identification. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 418–433.
Laroche, M., Kim, C., Tomiuk, M., & Belisle, D. (2005). Similarities in Italian and Greek
multidimensional ethnic identity: Some implications for food consumption. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 21, 143–167.
Laroche, M., Pons, F., & Richard, M. O. (2009). The Role of Language in Ethnic Identity Measurement: A Multitrait-Multimethod Approach to Construct Validation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149, 513–539.
Lee, R. M. (2005). Resilience against discrimination: Ethnic identity and other-group orientation as protective factors for Korean Americans.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 36–44.
Moodley, R., & Palmer, S. (2006). Race, culture and other multiple constructions: An absence in psychotherapy. In R. Moodley & S. Palmer (Eds.), Race, culture, and psychotherapy (pp. 11–26). London: Routledge.
Mossakowski, K. N. (2003). Coping with perceived discrimination: Does ethnic identity protect mental health? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 318–331.
Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures:Issues and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pahl, K., & Way, N. (2006). Longitudinal trajectories of ethnic identityamong urban Black and Latino adolescents. Child Development, 77, 1403–1415.
Phan, T., & Tylka, T. L. (2006). Exploring a model of moderators of disordered eating with Asian American college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 36–47.
Phelps, R. E., Taylor, J. D., & Gerard, P. A. (2001). Cultural mistrust,ethnic identity, racial identity, and self-esteem among ethnically diverse Black students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 79, 209–216.
Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499–514.
Phinney, J. S. (1992). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7,156–176.
Phinney, J. S. (1996). When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist, 51, 918–927.
Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 271–281.
Quintana, S. M. (2007). Racial and ethnic identity: Developmental perspectives and research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 259–270.
Richard, M. O. (2005). Modeling the impact of internet atmospherics on surfer behavior.
Journal of Business Research, 58, 1632–1642.
Romero, A., & Roberts, R. (2003). The impact of multiple dimensions of ethnic identity on discrimination and adolescents’ self-esteem. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 2288–2305.
Ryan, D. D., & Elizabeth, A. K. (2009). Ethnic Identity and Career Development Among First-Year College Students. Journal of Career Assessment, 17, 286–297.
Taijfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge,England: Cambridge University.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Worchel. S, & Austin. W (eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 7–24). Chicago: Nelson Hall.
Trimble, J. E. (2007). Prolegomena for the Connotation of Construct Use in the Measurement of
Ethnic and Racial Identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 247–258.
Umana-Taylor, A. J., Yazedjian, A., & Bamaca-Gomez, M. (2004). Developing the Ethnic Identity Scale using Eriksonian and social identity perspectives. Identity, 4, 9–38.
Utsey, S. O., Chae, M. H., Brown, C. F., & Kelly, D. (2002). Effect of ethnic group membership on ethnic identity, race-related stress, and quality of life. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8, 366–377.
Worrell, F., Conyers, L., Mpofu, E., & Vandiver, B. (2006). Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure scores in a sample of adolescents from Zimbabwe. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 6, 35–59.
Yip, T., Gee, G. C., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2008). Racial discrimination and psychological distress: The impact of ethnic identity and age among immigrant and United States-born Asian adults. Developmental Psychology, 44, 787–800.
Yoo, H. C., & Lee, R. M. (2008). Does ethnic identity buffer or exacerbate the effects of frequent discrimination on situational wellbeing of Asian Americans? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 63–74.
Zhang, Yuanyuan, Dixon, T. L., & Conrad, K. (2009). Rap music videos and African American women's body image: The moderating role of ethnic identity. Journal of Communication, 59, 262–278.
