Previous findings are generally consistent with the notion that low self-esteem participants tend to show difficulty in disengaging their attention from negative stimuli. However, the extant data regarding the disengage component of attention in relation to low self-esteem is scarce. The main object of the present study was to further investigate the time course of attention deployment to emotional stimuli in low self-esteem using event related potentials technology. In experiment 1, 129 undergraduates participated in the task and pairs of neutral, happy or sad facial expression were used as material. The results showed that there were no attentional bias between high self-esteem and low self-esteem participants. 15 high self-esteem and 15 low self-esteem participants selected from experiments 1 participated in experiment 2 and pairs of neutral, happy or angry facial expression were used as material. Behavioral results revealed no significant main or interaction effects involving self-esteem or target. Instead, low self-esteem participants responded faster than high self-esteem participants. Electrophysiology data showed that low self-esteem showed increased P1 amplitudes to valid trials versus invalid trials and had larger N2pc amplitude in the invalid trials versus in the valid trials. It was cautiously speculated that low self-esteem was more likely to be attracted by emotional stimuli than by neutral stimuli, in other words.
Effect of self-esteem on attentional bias for emotional faces[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2012, 35(4): 793-798
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
Baccus, J.R., Baldwin, M.W., & Packer, D.J. (2004). Increasing implicit self-esteem through classical conditioning. Psychological Science, 15, 498-502.
Barber,S., Grubbs,L., & Cottrell,B. (2005). Self-perception in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 20, 235-245.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., & Glickman, S. (2005). Attentional bias in anxiety: A behavioral and ERP study. Brain and Cognition, 59, 11-22.
Baumeister, R.F., Campbell,J.D., Krueger, J.I., & Vohs K.D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performace, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 4, 1–44.
Brown, J.D. (1986). Evaluation of self and others: Self-enhancement bias in social judgement. Social Cognition. 4, 353–376.
Dai, Q., & Feng, Z.Z. (2008). Effects of type A behavior pattern on attentiona bias for emotional faces. Chinese Mental Health Journal. l22, 518–521.
[戴琴，冯正直.(2008).A型行为对情绪面孔注意偏向的影响. 中国心理卫生杂志. l22, 518–521.]
Dandeneau,S.D., & Baldwin,M.W. (2004). The inhabitation of socially rejecting information among people with high versus low self-esteem: the role of attentional bias and the effects of biases reduction training. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 23, 584-602
Dandeneau, S.D., & Baldwin, M.W. (2009). The buffering effects of rejection-inhibiting attentional training on social and performance threat among adult students. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 34, 42-50.
Dumas, D., & Pelletier, L. (1999). Perception in hyperactive children. Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 24, 12-19
Eimer,M. (1996). The N2pc component as an indicator of attentional selectivity. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 99, 225-234.
Gresham, F.M., MacMillan, D.L., Bocian, K.M., Ward, S.L., & Forness, S.R. (1998). Comorbidity of hyperactivity-impulsivity-inattention and conduct problems: risk factors in social, affective, and academic domains. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 26, 393-406.
Harber, K.D. (2005). Self-esteem and affect as information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 31, 276-288.
Hillyard, S.A., & Anllo-Vento, L. (1998). Event-related brain potentials in the study of visual selective attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 781-787
Holmes,A.,BradleyB.P.,Nielsen,M.K.,& Mogg,K. (2009). Attentional selectivity for emotional faces: Evidence from human electrophysiology. Psychophysiology. 46, 62–68.
Hopf, J.M.,Boelmans, K., Schoenfeld, M.A., Luck, S.J., & Heinze, H.J. (2004). Attention to features precedes attention to locations in visual search: evidence from electromagnetic brain responses in humans. The Journal of Neuroscience. 24, 1822-1832.
Hoza, B.,Pelham, W.E., Milich, R., Pillow, D.,& McBride, K. (1993). The self-perceptions and attributions of attention deficit hyperactivity disordered and nonreferred boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 21, 271-286.
Kiss, M., Van Velzen, J., & Eimer, M. (2008). The N2pc component and its links to attention shifts and spatially selective visual processing. Psychophysiology. 45, 240-249.
Knee, C.R., Canevello, A., Bush, A.L., & Cook, A. (2008). Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 95, 608-627.
Leary, M.R., Tambor, E.S., Terdal, S.K., & Downs, D.L. (1995). Self-Esteem as an interpersonal monitor:The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 689, 518-530.
Liu, Q., Li, H., Campos, J.L., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Qiu, J., Zhang, Q., & Sun, H.J.(2009). The N2pc component in ERP and the lateralization effect of language on color perception. Neuroscience Letters. 454, 58-61.
Luck,S.J., & Hillyard, S.A. (1994). Electrophysiological correlates of feature analysis during visual search. Psychophysiology. 31,291-308.
Matsuura, N., Hashimoto, T., & Toichi, M. (2009). The relationship between self-esteem and AD/HD characteristics in the serious juvenile delinquents in Japan. Research in Developmental Disabilities . 30, 884-890.
Mueller, E.M., Hofmann, S.G., Santesso, D.L., Meuret, A.E., Bitran, S., & Pizzagalli,D.A. (2009). Electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine. 39, 1141-1152.
Orth, U., Robins, R.W., & Roberts, B.W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 95, 695-708.
Pourtois, G., Grandjean, D., Sander, D., & Vuilleumier, P. (2004). Electrophysiological correlates of rapid spatial orienting towards fearful faces. Cerebral Cortex. 14, 619-633.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Santesso, D.L., Meuret, A.E., Hofmann, S.G., Mueller, E.M., Ratner, K.G., Roesch,E.B., & Pizzagalli, D.A., (2008). Electrophysiological correlates of spatial orienting towards angry faces: a source localization study. Neuropsychologia. 46, 1338-1348.
Taylor, S.E., & Brown, J.D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin. 103, 193-210.
Wang, Y., & Luo, Y.J. (2005). Standardization and assessment of college students’facial expression of emotion. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology. 13,396-398.
[王研，罗跃嘉.(2005).大学生面孔表情材料的标准化及其评定. 中国临床心理学杂志. 13,396-398.]
Zhang, D., Zhou, X., & Martens, S. (2009). The impact of negative attentional set upon target processing in RSVP: an ERP study. Neuropsychologia. 47, 2604-2614.
Zhou, F., & Wang, D.F., 2005. The relation between personality traits and self-esteem under Chinese culture. Acta Psychologia Sinica, 37, 100-105.
[周帆，王登峰.(2005).人格特质与外显自尊和内隐自尊的关系.心理学报. 37,100–105.]
