错误相关负波的神经起源及其影响因素

杨玲; 周艳艳; 赵鑫; 郑友芬

PDF(4586 KB)

心理科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3) : 581-586.

基础、实验与工效

错误相关负波的神经起源及其影响因素

杨玲¹,²,周艳艳³,赵鑫⁴,郑友芬³

作者信息 +

The Neural Generators of Error-Related Negativity

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

与个体做出错误反应相伴的错误相关ERP成分叫错误相关负波 (error-related negativity, ERN)，当前冲突监控理论、表征失匹配理论和强化学习理论从不同的角度对ERN的神经机制进行解释，各理论间并非完全相互排斥。目前大部分研究认为ERN定位于扣带回，部分研究则出现其它脑区的激活，然而，扣带回与其它脑区存在复杂的神经功能联系，ERN 电位很可能是多个脑区电活动在头颅的综合表现，而非某一脑区的单独表现。ERN的神经机制受到实验任务、被试年龄及其意识水平等因素的影响。未来要推动实验室研究走向临床应用，发现与诊断脑电波异常的病人和毒品易复吸人群。

Abstract

Error-raleted ERP component–error-related negativity (ERN) is one of the primary barometers of error monitoring when the individuals make wrong reaction. First, the researchers ensure that participants have appropriate amount of error, only in this way can elicit obvious ERN amplitude. As a result, most researchers will adopt experimental duties with larger conflict. Now, investigators mainly adopt experimental paradigms include Eriksen Flanker task, Stroop task and Go/No-Go task, and one of the most common tasks is Eriksen Flanker task. In the overview, this review summarized the neural generators of error-related negativity from the healthy and the some special subjects through literature consulting. The special groups include anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) part-injury patients, anxiety and sleep deprivation subjects, patients with mental illness as well as behavior and substance addiction. 　　Many researchers were tried to gave explanations for the neural generators of ERN, conflict monitor theory, mismatch theory and reinforcement learning theory were the most representative interpretations among such explanations at present. These dominant theories from different angles to account for the neural bases of ERN, while, the above-mentioned theories were not completely mutually exclusive each other. 　　Recently, the accurate areas of the brain that control the error monitoring are still controversial. Most researches believed that ERN was located in cingulate gyrus. It is need to note that the activation time of cingulate gyrus does not always simultaneously during error monitoring. E.g. Edwards and colleagues jointly employed Independent Component Analysis and EEG, fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) had found that the ERN1 was associated with activity in the caudal ACC and lateral prefrontal cortex while the ERN2 was associated with activity in the rostral ACC (the ERN1 component (48 ms) occurred 38 ms earlier in time than the ERN2 component (86 ms) ), so the caudal ACC and lateral prefrontal cortex engaged prior to the rostral ACC during error-monitoring. However, other researches revealed that other parts of the brain were activated (such as insula, intraparietal suleus, pre-supplementarymotor area). There is a saying that the morphological structure decides function, because there is a complex neurological contact between cingulate gyrus and other brain regions–Pre-supplementarymotor area accept nerve fibers projection from a large number of neurons of prefrontal cortex area (Brodmann 46) , premotor cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. Steinhauser and Yeung had found that the amplitude of the ERN may co-vary with error awareness. Similarly, the cingulate gyrus, the putative generator of the ERN, was actived on both reported and unreported errors, whereas the anterior insula was specifically modulated by error awareness. The insular cortex, due to its cytoarchitectonic layout and its functional as well as structural connectivity, was perfectly suited to play a key role in error awareness. Therefore, ERN potential is likely to be more comprehensive manifestation of brain electrical activity in the head rather than the single performance of a particular brain region. 　　Besides, the neural generators of error-related negativity was influenced by the factors like the task of the experiment, participants＇age and level of the sensation and so on. Activited error-related encephalic regions exist markedly differences between the Reaction Conflict task and the Reinforcement Learing task in the same study, and the activation level of accurate positions in the ACC is difference. Changes in ERN amplitude reflect developmental changes in the brain, possibly reflecting the continued maturation of the medial prefrontal cortex (includes ACC), meanwhile, individual＇s congnitive ability is also in development, and people who has better working memory span has the larger ERN amplitude in the error trials. There exist studies had found that activated brain regions caused by the true errors exist differences even under different level of consciousness. Participants who realized their own mistakes appear error-related dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation levels increased significantly, comparison with the subjects who did not realized their own errors. However, some studies had shown that the posterior cingulate cortex emerge significant activation. In the future, investigators should take full advantages of Dynamic EEG Recording and Analysis System for discovery and diagnosis of abnormal brain waves, in other words, promote the results of researches from laboratory to clinical practice. Next, researches of the neural underpinnings of error monitoring should conduct stimulus of combination of visual, audio multi-channels as experiment materials. In addition, researchers should be insight into the researches which are indexed by ERN as drug relapse predictor in order to improve the extrapolation of the validity of related researches.

关键词

Key words

引用本文

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

导出引用

杨玲周艳艳赵鑫郑友芬. 错误相关负波的神经起源及其影响因素[J]. 心理科学. 2014, 37(3): 581-586

The Neural Generators of Error-Related Negativity[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2014, 37(3): 581-586

参考文献

陈兴时, 徐一峰, 唐云翔, 王勇, 王继军, 张明岛, 等. (2011). 健康成人错误相关负电位的特征及神经发生源实验研究. 中华临床医师杂志 (电子版), 5(18), 5366–5370. 李文石. (2009). 网络成瘾的脑机制研究进展. 中国集成电路, 7, 69–74. 刘秋艳, 杜亚松, 叶倩倩, 陈兴时, 楼翡璎, 梁建华, 等. (2012). 48 例健康成人错误相关负电位试验分析. 神经病学与神经康复学杂志, 9(3), 104–106. 罗艺, 封春亮, 古若雷, 吴婷婷, 罗跃嘉. (2013). 社会决策中的公平准则及其神经机制. 心理科学进展, 21(2), 300–308. 王艳, 曹宇, 汤浩, 沈静. (2002). 大鼠大脑皮质运动区投射到扣带回的神经元分布. 解剖科学进展, 8(2), 125–127. 王莹, 翟天野, 盛文斌, 邵永聪, 张英, 马海春, 等. (2012). 网络成瘾者错误监控异常的 ERP 证据. 中国药物依赖性杂志, 21(3), 197–199. 吴敏范, 腾国玺. (2000). 扣带回的形态结构. 解剖科学进展, 6(4), 329–331. 吴琴, 姜平, 盛良驹, 尉传社, 钱坤喜. (2007). 脑功能磁共振成像的研究现状. 现代生物医学进展, 7(3), 422–424. Agam, Y., H?m?l?inen, M. S., Lee, A. K., Dyckman, K. A., Friedman, J. S., Isom, M., et al. (2011). Multimodal neuroimaging dissociates hemodynamic and electrophysiological correlates of error processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(42), 17556–17561. Alexander, M. P., Stuss, D. T., Picton, T., Shallice, T., & Gillingham, S. (2007). Regional frontal injuries cause distinct impairments in cognitive control. Neurology, 68(18), 1515–1523. Asaoka, S., Masaki, H., Ogawa, K., Murphy, T. I., Fukuda, K., & Yamazaki, K. (2010). Performance monitoring during sleep inertia after a 1–h day time nap. Journal of sleep research, 19(3), 436–443. Carter, C. S., MacDonald, A. W., Ross, L. L., & Stenger, V. A. (2001). Anterior cingulate cortex activity and impaired self-monitoring of performance in patients with schizophrenia: an event-related fMRI study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(9), 1423–1428. Cavanagh, J. F., Gründler, T. O., Frank, M. J., & Allen, J. J. (2010). Altered cingulate sub-region activation accounts for task-related dissociation in ERN amplitude as a function of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Neuropsychologia, 48(7), 2098–2109. Charles, L., Opstal, F. V., Marti, S., & Dehaene, S. (2013). Distinct brain mechanisms for conscious versus subliminal error detection. NeuroImage, 73, 80–94. Davies, P. L., Segalowitz, S. J., & Gavin, W. J. (2004). Development of response-monitoring ERPs in 7-to 25-year-olds. Developmental neuropsychology, 25(3), 355–376. Dilleen, R., Pelloux, Y., Mar, A. C., Molander, A., Robbins, T. W., Everitt, B. J., et al. (2012). High anxiety is a predisposing endophenotype for loss of control over cocaine, but not heroin, self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology, 222(1), 89–97. Edwards, B. G., Calhoun, V. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2012). Joint ICA of ERP and fMRI during error-monitoring. NeuroImage, 59(2), 1896–1903. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., & Blanke, L. (1991). Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 78(6), 447–455. Fitzgerald, K. D., Welsh, R. C., Gehring, W. J., Abelson, J. L., Himle, J. A., Liberzon, I., et al. (2005). Error-related hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological psychiatry, 57(3), 287–294. Foti, D., Kotov, R., Bromet, E., & Hajcak, G. (2012). Beyond the broken error-related negativity: Functional and diagnostic correlates of error processing in psychosis. Biological psychiatry, 71(10), 864–872. Franken, I. H., van Strien, J. W., Franzek, E. J., & van de Wetering, B. J. (2007). Error-processing deficits in patients with cocaine dependence. Biological psychology, 75(1), 45–51. Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological science, 4(6), 385–390. Gehring, W. J., & Fencsik, D. E. (2001). Functions of the medial frontal cortex in the processing of conflict and errors. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(23), 9430–9437. Goldstein, R. Z., & Volkow, N. D. (2002). Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex. The American journal of psychiatry, 159(10), 1642–1652. Gründler, T. O., Cavanagh, J. F., Figueroa, C. M., Frank, M. J., & Allen, J. J. (2009). Task-related dissociation in ERN amplitude as a function of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Neuropsychologia, 47(8), 1978–1987. Hester, R., Nestor, L., & Garavan, H. (2009). Impaired error awareness and anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivity in chronic cannabis users. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(11), 2450–2458. Houthoofd, S., Morrens, M., Sabbe, B., Schrijvers, D., Vandendriessche, F., Hulstijn, W., et al. (2012). Trait and state aspects of internal and external performance monitoring in schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(1), 42–51. Hsieh, S., Li, T., & Tsai, L. (2010). Impact of monetary incentives on cognitive performance and error monitoring following sleep deprivation. Sleep, 33(4), 2450–2458. Kaczkurkin, A. N. (2013). The effect of manipulating task difficulty on error-related negativity in individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Biological psychology, 93, 122–131. Keil, J., Weisz, N., Paul-Jordanov, I., & Wienbruch, C. (2010). Localization of the magnetic equivalent of the ERN and induced oscillatory brain activity. NeuroImage, 51(1), 404–411. Leschka, S., Fornaro, J., Laberke, P., Blum, S., Hatem, A., Niederer, I., et al. (2013). Differentiation of cocaine from heroine body packs by computed tomography: Impact of different tube voltages and the dual-energy index. Journal of forensic radiology and imaging, 1(2), 46–50. Maier, M. E., Yeung, N., & Steinhauser, M. (2011). Error-related brain activity and adjustments of selective attention following errors. NeuroImage, 56(4), 2339–2347. Marhe, R., van de Wetering, B. J., & Franken, I. H. (2013). Error-related brain activity predicts cocaine use after treatment at 3-Month follow-up. Biological psychiatry, 73(8), 782–788. Marinkovic, K., Rickenbacher, E., Azma, S., & Artsy, E. (2012). Acute alcohol intoxication impairs top-down regulation of stroop incongruity as revealed by blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Human brain mapping, 33(2), 319–333. Miller, A. E., Watson, J. M., & Strayer, D. L. (2012). Individual differences in working memory capacity predict action monitoring and the error-related negativity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(3), 757–763. Modirrousta, M., & Fellows, L. K. (2008). Dorsal medial prefrontal cortex plays a necessary role in rapid error prediction in humans. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(51), 14000–14005. Munro, G. E., Dywan, J., Harris, G. T., McKee, S., Unsal, A., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2007). ERN varies with degree of psychopathy in an emotion discrimination task. Biological psychology, 76(1), 31–42. Nestor, L., McCabe, E., Jones, J., Clancy, L., & Garavan, H. (2011). Differences in “bottom-up” and “top-down” neural activity in current and former cigarette smokers: evidence for neural substrates which may promote nicotine abstinence through increased cognitive control. NeuroImage, 56(4), 2258–2275. Notebaert, W., Houtman, F., Opstal, F. V., Gevers, W., Fias, W., & Verguts, T. (2009). Post-error slowing: an orienting account. Cognition, 111(2), 275–279. Orr, C., & Hester, R. (2012). Error-related anterior cingulate cortex activity and the prediction of conscious error awareness. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 6, 177. Pessiglione, M., Schmidt, L., Draganski, B., Kalisch, R., Lau, H., Dolan, R. J., et al. (2007). How the brain translates money into force: a neuroimaging study of subliminal motivation. Science, 316(5826), 904–906. Praamstra, P., Hesse, C.W., Wing, A.M., & Perryer, L. (2003). Neutophysiological correlates of error correction in sensorimotor synchronization. NeuroImage, 20(2), 1283–1297. Rabbitt, P. M. (1966). Errors and error correction in choice-response tasks. Journal of experimental psychology, 71(2), 264–272. Renn, R. P., & Cote, K. A. (2013). Performance monitoring following total sleep deprivation: Effects of task type and error rate. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 88(1), 64–73. Roberts, G. M., & Garavan, H. (2010). Evidence of increased activation underlying cognitive control in ecstasy and cannabis users. NeuroImage, 52(2), 429–435. Scangos, K. W., Aronberg, R., & Stuphorn, V. (2013). Performance monitoring by pre-supplementary and supplementary motor area during an arm movement countermanding task. Journal of Neurophysiology, 109, 1928–1939. Schachar, R. J., Chen, S., Logan, G. D., Ornstein, T. J., Crosbie, J., Ickowicz, A., et al. (2004). Evidence for an error monitoring deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(3), 285–293. Schmahmann, J. D., Pandya, D. N., Wang, R., Dai, G., D'Arceuil, H. E., de Crespigny, A. J., et al. (2007). Association fibre pathways of the brain: parallel observations from diffusion spectrum imaging and autoradiography. Brain, 130(3), 630–653. Simmonite, M., Bates, A. T., Groom, M. J., Jackson, G. M., Hollis, C., & Liddle, P. F. (2012). Error processing-associated event-related potentials in schizophrenia and unaffected siblings. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 84(1), 74–79. Turken, A. U., & Swick, D. (2008). The effect of orbitofrontal lesions on the error-related negativity. Neuroscience Letters, 441(1), 7–10. van Gaal, S., Ridderinkhof, K. R., Fahrenfort, J. J., Scholte, H. S., & Lamme, V. A. (2008). Frontal cortex mediates unconsciously triggered inhibitory control. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(32), 8053–8062. Vocat, R., Pourtois, G., & Vuilleumier, P. (2008). Unavoidable errors: a spatio-temporal analysis of time-course and neural sources of evoked potentials associated with error processing in a speeded task. Neuropsychologia, 46(10), 2545–2555. Vocat, R., Pourtois, G., & Vuilleumier, P. (2011). Parametric modulation of error-related ERP components by the magnitude of visuo-motor mismatch. Neuropsychologia, 49(3), 360–367. Vogt, B. A., Vogt, L., & Laureys, S. (2006). Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas. Neuroimage, 29(2), 452–466. Wessel, J. R., Danielmeier, C., Morton, J. B., & Ullsperger, M. (2012). Surprise and error: common neuronal architecture for the processing of errors and novelty. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(22), 7528–7537.