摘 要：本研究提出一个有调节的中介模型，揭示了创业环境“怎样”影响大学生创业意向及这种影响“何时”更强或更弱。采用创业环境量表、创业动机量表、创业意向量表对647名大学生进行研究。研究显示：（1）创业动机在创业环境与大学生创业意向之间起部分中介作用；（2）性别调节了创业环境通过创业动机影响大学生创业意向的中介过程的前半路径。因此，创业环境对大学生创业意向的影响是有调节的中介效应，研究结论对提高大学生的创业意向具有重要的理论与实证价值。

In recent years, employment problem of college students is becoming ever more serious. In order to alleviate college students’ employment pressure, the government encourages college students to start a business. College students’ entrepreneurial behavior is fundamentally affected by entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial intention is the first step in the process of starting a business. Therefore, more attention should be paid to college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Few studies have examined the mediating processes between entrepreneurial environment and college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Mediational analyses attempt to identify the intermediary process that leads from the independent variable (e. g., entrepreneurial environment) to a dependent variable ( e. g., college students’ entrepreneurial intention). And there is few research, if any, examining whether the mediating effect depends on other factors. It is very necessary to study the potential mechanisms of college students’ entrepreneurial intention so as to design improvement programs. The present study aimed to explore the moderated mediation among entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial motivation, gender and entrepreneurial intention. The study not only examined indirect relations between entrepreneurial environment and college students’ entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial motivation, - 11 - but also examined the extent to which gender moderated the indirect relations between entrepreneurial environment and college students’ entrepreneurial intention. 647 college students from four schools (301 boys and 346girls, M age=20.67±1.78) were recruited in the study to complete self-report questionnaires. The self-report questionnaires used in this study included entrepreneurial environment scale, entrepreneurial motivation scale and entrepreneurial intention scale. The results indicated that: (1) Entrepreneurial motivation played a partial mediating role between entrepreneurial environment and college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial environment could directly influence college students’ entrepreneurial intention, as well as through influenced entrepreneurial motivation, ultimately influenced college students’ entrepreneurial intention; (2) Gender moderated this mediation effect of entrepreneurial motivation. For male college students, with the increase of entrepreneurial environment, their entrepreneurial motivation had an obviously ascending trend (γ = .60, t = 13.21, p＜.001). For female college students, with the increase of entrepreneurial environment, their entrepreneurial motivation had ascending trend (γ= .50, t = 8.11, p＜.001). In other words, improving the entrepreneurial environment of college students enhanced entrepreneurial motivation of male college students more than females. Therefore, the effect of entrepreneurial environment on college students’ entrepreneurial intention was moderated mediating effect. The moderated mediating model significantly revealed the effect mechanism of entrepreneurial environment on college students’ entrepreneurial intention. These findings supported our model that the link between entrepreneurial environment and college students’ entrepreneurial intention was complex and dependent on other factors. The conclusion of the study had important reference value for improvement of college students’ entrepreneurial intention.