初中生亲子冲突、朋友冲突对孤独感的影响及其性别差异：一项交叉滞后研究

胡思远; 梁丽婵; 袁柯曼; 边玉芳

PDF(528 KB)

心理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3) : 598-603.

发展与教育

初中生亲子冲突、朋友冲突对孤独感的影响及其性别差异：一项交叉滞后研究

胡思远¹,梁丽婵¹,²,袁柯曼³,⁴,边玉芳⁵,⁶

作者信息 +

The Influences of Conflict with Parents and Friends on Loneliness in Middle School and Its Gender Difference: A Cross-Lagged Analysis

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

对1330名初中生进行间隔一年的追踪测试，通过交叉滞后的方法探讨亲子冲突、朋友冲突和孤独感之间的相互作用。结果发现，对男生而言，先前亲子冲突对随后朋友冲突和孤独感预测作用不显著，而朋友冲突与孤独感为相互预测关系，亲子冲突和朋友冲突不存在显著预测关系；对女生而言，先前亲子冲突可以显著正向预测随后孤独感，而朋友冲突则不能，亲子冲突与朋友冲突为相互预测关系。结论：朋友冲突对男生的孤独感影响更大，亲子冲突对女生的孤独感影响更大。

Abstract

Loneliness refers to a kind of negative emotion experience, which comes from the perceived discrepancies between desired and actual social relationships. It almost exists through people’s whole life, and individuals could be likely to experience the highest level of loneliness in adolescence. Therefore, the loneliness of middle school students is worthy to be discussed. Previous researches pointed out that the loneliness could be associated with parent-child relationship, also the friendship quality and the number of friend were likely to relate to the sense of loneliness negatively. However, these researches tended to explore the protective factors of the loneliness, such as parental support and positive friendship quality. Hence, this research aimed to use a longitudinal research to explore the effect of two risk factors on loneliness, including the conflicts with parents and friends. In addition, there were rare researches examining gender differences in the influence of interpersonal conflicts on loneliness in adolescents. Based on Gender Schema Theory, boys could differ from girls in terms of the effects of the relation with parents or friends. For example, some girls might have stronger emotional needs than boys, and interpersonal conflicts could affect girls to a larger extent than boys. Hence, to explore the influences of the conflicts with parents and friends on loneliness in middle school, as well as its gender difference, a cross-lagged study was conducted. The participants, 1130 middle school students from Grade 7 to Grade 8(ages 13 years 5 months, SD = 7 months), were recruited from urban and rural areas of Beijing in 2015 and 2016, consisting of 565 girls and 565 boys. They were required to complete Parent-child Conflict Questionnaire in Chinese version, Loneliness Inventory and Friendship Quality Questionnaire, in order to assess the conflict with parents, the sense of loneliness and the conflict with friends once a year. We used multi-group cross-lagged models to examine the causal relationships between the conflicts with parents and friends, as well as loneliness. The model fitted well and there was a significant difference between the male model and female model. The results indicated that: (1) The conflict with parents, the conflict with friends and the loneliness of boys were significantly higher than those of girls; (2) There was a significant gender difference in terms of the relationships among the conflict with parents, the conflict with friends and loneliness. For boys, the conflict with friends and loneliness could predict each other significantly, otherwise, the conflict with parents could not predict subsequent loneliness. Moreover, the conflicts with parents and friends could not predict each other. For girls, the conflict with parents could predict subsequent loneliness significantly, but the conflict with friends could not predict loneliness. Additionally, the conflicts with parents and friends could predict each other; (3) Compared to the conflict with parents, boys’ loneliness was likely to be affected by the conflict with friends to a larger extent, while girls’ loneliness was likely to be affected by the conflict with parents more than the conflict with friends. The research implied that the interventions for loneliness of adolescents should be differentiated across gender.

导出引用

胡思远梁丽婵袁柯曼边玉芳. 初中生亲子冲突、朋友冲突对孤独感的影响及其性别差异：一项交叉滞后研究[J]. 心理科学. 2019, 42(3): 598-603

The Influences of Conflict with Parents and Friends on Loneliness in Middle School and Its Gender Difference: A Cross-Lagged Analysis[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2019, 42(3): 598-603

参考文献

方晓义, 张锦涛, 刘钊. (2003). 青少年期亲子冲突的特点. 心理发展与教育, 19(3), 46-52. 孔风，王庭照，李彩娜, 和娟，王瑾，游旭群. (2012). 大学生的社会支持、孤独及自尊对主观幸福感的作用机制研究. 心理科学35(2), 408-411. 孔海燕.(2004). 青少年亲子冲突的研究现状. 心理科学, 27(3), 696-700. 刘海娟，姚德雯.(2016). 大学生手机成瘾与孤独感和自我和谐的关系. 心理与行为研究, 14(3), 406-410. 曲可佳, 邹泓，余益兵. (2010). 青少年孤独感与人格五因素的关系: 人际关系能力的中介作用. 心理学探新, 30(6), 75-80. 宋广文, 何文广. (2007). 青少年亲子冲突处理策略问卷的编制及其应用.心理发展与教育, 23(1), 118-123. 苏志强, 张大均，邵景进. (2015). 社会经济地位与留守儿童社会适应的关系:歧视知觉的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 31(2), 212-219. 孙晓军, 周宗奎, 范翠英，柯善玉. (2009). 童年中期不同水平的同伴交往变量与孤独感的关系. 心理科学(3), 567-570. 田录梅，陈光辉，王姝琼，刘海娇，张文新. (2012). 父母支持、友谊支持对早中期青少年孤独感和抑郁的影响. 心理学报, 44(7), 944-956. 田录梅，张文新，陈光辉. (2014). 父母支持、友谊质量对孤独感和抑郁的影响:检验一个间接效应模型. 心理学报, 46(2), 238-251. 徐夫真，张文新. (2010). 家庭功能对青少年疏离感的预测: 同伴接纳的调节作用及性别差异. 心理发展与教育, 26(3), 274-281. 张锦涛，刘勤学，邓林园，方晓义，刘朝莹，兰菁. (2011). 青少年亲子关系与网络成瘾:孤独感的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 27(6), 641-647. Brown, B. B., & Larson, J. (2009). Peer Relationships in Adolescence. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., Hirsch, J. K., & Jeglic, E. L. (2010). Loneliness and negative life events as predictors of hopelessness and suicidal behaviors in hispanics: evidence for a diathesis‐stress model. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(12), 1242-53. Chung, G. H., & Fuligni, A. J. (2011). Reciprocal associations between family and peer conflict in adolescents’ daily lives. Child Development, 82(5), 1390. Chung, Grace H., Flook, Lisa, & Fuligni, Andrew J. (2009). Daily Family Conflict and Emotional Distress among Adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European Backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 45(5), 1406-1415. Ciairano, S., Rabaglietti, E., Roggero, A., Bonino, S., & Beyers, W. (2007). Patterns of adolescent friendships, psychological adjustment and antisocial behavior: the moderating role of family stress and friendship reciprocity. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31(6), 539-548. Flook, L. (2011). Gender differences in adolescents' daily interpersonal events and well-being. Child Development, 82(2), 454. Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: a literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 695. Herres, J., & Kobak, R. (2015). The role of parent, teacher, and peer events in maintaining depressive symptoms during early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(2), 325-337. Landsheer, J. A., & Van, D. C. (2005). Male and female delinquency trajectories from pre through middle adolescence and their continuation in late adolescence. Adolescence, 40(160), 729-748. Larson, R. W., Richards, M. H., Moneta, G., Holmbeck, G., & Duckett, E. (1996). Changes in adolescents' daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18: disengagement and transformation. Developmental Psychology, 32(4), 744-754. Liu, J., Li, D., Purwono, U., Chen, X., & French, D. C. (2015). Loneliness of indonesian and chinese adolescents as predicted by relationships with friends and parents. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 61(3), 362-382. Lodder, G. M., Scholte, R. H., Goossens, L., & Verhagen, M. (2015). Loneliness in early adolescence: friendship quantity, friendship quality, and dyadic processes. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology: the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 1. Lodder, G., Scholte, R. H. J., Goossens, L., & Verhagen, M. (2016). Loneliness in early adolescence. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology: the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 1. Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A., Yarcheski, T. J., Cannella, B. L., & Hanks, M. M. (2006). A meta-analytic study of predictors for loneliness during adolescence. Nursing Research, 55(5), 308. Nicolaisen, M., & Thorsen, K. (2016). What are friends for? Friendships and loneliness over the lifespan-from 18 to 79 years. Int J Aging Hum Dev, 84(2). Noakes, M. A., & Rinaldi, C. M. (2006). Age and gender differences in peer conflict. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 35(6), 881-891. Parker, J. G., Rubin, K. H., Erath, S. A., Wojslawowicz, J. C., & Buskirk, A. A. (1995). Peer Relationships, Child Development, and Adjustment: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective. Developmental Psychopathology, Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. In R. Gillmour & S. Duck (Eds.), Personal relationships 3: Personal relationships in disorder (pp. 31–56). London, UK: Academic Press. R·M. Lerner, 张文新. (2011). 人类发展的概念与理论: 第3版. 北京大学出版社. (Lerner, R. M.,Original work published, 2002) Ross, H., Tesla, C., Kenyon, B., & Lollis, S. (1990). Maternal intervention in toddler peer conflict: the socialization of principles of justice. Developmental Psychology, 26(6), 994-1003. Rotenberg, K. J. E., & Hymel, S. E. (1999). Loneliness in Childhood and Adolescence. Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211; Tel: 800-872-7423 (Toll-Free), Tel: 914-937-9600; Fax: 914-937-4712 Rubin, K. H., Dwyer, K. M., Kim, A. H., Burgess, K. B., Booth-Laforce, C., & Rose-Krasnor, L. (2004). Attachment, friendship, and psychosocial functioning in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 24(4), 326. Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., & Hanratty, B. (2016). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart, 102(13), 1009-1016.