关键词: 信任博弈, 积极互惠, 直觉加工, 深思加工, 利他, 利己

Abstract: The dual-process theory is the theoretical basis for distinguishing intuitive processing from deliberate processing. In recent years, exploring behaviour in economic games from a dual-process perspective has attracted wide attention of researchers, and the research conclusions are different. Some researchers have argued that intuition favors altruistic behavior and deliberation leads to selfishness. Whereas others have contended that people are predisposed towards selfishness and altruism comes from deliberateness. Positive reciprocity refers to the behavior that an individual is willing to sacrifice personal interests to return goodwill, and whether this kind of reward behavior also exists this kind of processing process difference. According to the pre-experiment, the time limit for obtaining intuitive processing was 6000ms. The pocket money (i.e. the initial amount) owned by the investors was 200 RMB, 500 RMB, 700 RMB, 1000 RMB and 1300 RMB respectively. The investment plan is, the investor has y RMB, he invested x RMB in the agent which is the participant, the agent also invested y RMB, the total profit after the profit is 2x RMB, how much of the profit does the agent have to return to the investor. According to Thompson, Turner and Pennycook (2011)’ two-response paradigm, using 2 (processing types: intuitive processing vs. deliberate processing) x 3 (trust level: low vs. medium vs. high) within-subjects design, trust level operation for investors to invest 10%, 2 medium 0%, 30% of the initial value after the integer to the low trust, 40%, 50%, 60% after the integer of trust, 70%, 80% and 90% after taking the high trust, the dependent variable is the return ratio (the return of the amount/the total profit amount), conflict feelings, and reaction time. With the return ratio as the dependent variable, 2×3 repeated measures analysis of variance found that level of trust and interaction, the way of processing F (2,178)= 10.30, p < 0.001, partial η2= 0.104, simple effect analysis found that 1) During intuitive processing, the return ratio of the high trust is significantly higher than that of medium trust (95% CI = [0.028, 0.152]) and low trust (95% CI = [0.033, 0.152]), F(10,2) =7.00, p =0.002, partial η2=0.137, the difference of the two laters was not significant; during deliberate processing, the return ratio of the medium trust is fewer than that of the high trust ( 95% CI = [-0.139,-0.019]), which is greater than that of the low trust (95% CI = [0.001, 0.148]), F (10,2) = 10.89, p < 0.001, partial η2= 0.198. 2)The return ratio of the intuition processing in low trust is significantly higher than that of the deliberate processing, F(1,89) = 5.98, p = 0.016, partial η2= 0.063, 95% CI = [0.007, 0.063]. Under the medium trust (F(1,89)= 10.16, p= 0.002, partial η2= 0.102, 95% CI = [0.016, 0.067]) and the high trust (F(1,89)=6.35, p= 0.014, partial η2= 0.067, 95% CI = [0.006, 0.050]), the return ratio of the deliberate processing were significantly higher than that of the intuitive one. With the conflict feelings as dependent variable, using 2×3 repeated measures analysis of variance found that the main effect of the trust level is significant, F(1,178)=12.54, p<0.001, partial η2 =0.113, Post HOC multiple comparision shows that the conflict feelings of the medium trust (2.81±0.11) is significantly higher than those of the high one (2.37±0.10) and the low trust (2.34±0.09),and the difference of the two latters was not significant. The result indicates that during the deliberate processing the psychology (i.e. the conflict feelings) in the positive reciprocity is the same to the behavior (i.e. the conflict feelings):the higher trust, the more altruistic behaviors, whereas the psychological and behavioral separation occurred during the intuitive processing. Further analysis shows that, the behavior of the instinct processing demonstrated the altruistic characteristic under the lower trust, that of the deliberate one became elfishness. However, when the middle trust and high trust, the intuitive behavior shows the egoistic characteristics, and becomes altruistic after deliberate processing.

Key words: trust game, positive reciprocity, intuitive processing, deliberate processing, altruistic, egoistic