关键词: 药物成瘾, 认知训练, 中央执行功能

Abstract: Drug addiction is a process in which the relevant neurons in the brain undergo adaptive changes after repeated administration of anti-drug acute intensification, characterized by using some kind of addictive drugs of chronic, relapsing disease uncontrollably. The treatment of drug dependence including two stages that is physiological and psychological. The first is detoxification treatment for physiological dependence, with the purpose of stopping drug abuse and treating withdrawal symptoms. The second is deaddiction treatment, treating the psychological dependence of the dependent patients and preventing relapse. Nevertheless, relapse is still one of the main characteristics of drug addiction and the main problem in the treatment of drug addiction. And high relapse rate is the biggest challenge for drug addiction treatment. Many addiction theories suggest that lack of inhibition or executive control is a hallmark of addiction, and leading to persistent drug abuse and difficulty in treatment. Studies of drug cravings in people with addiction, such as Sihna, in stressful situations have found that the decrease of inhibitory control ability and the prominent motivation of impulsive drug seeking are the main factors to accelerate the development of individual drug addiction. In addition, the study also found that cognitive functions (memory, attention, learning, cognitive flexibility and executive control ability, etc.) play an important role in the maintenance and development of addiction. On the other hand, the effects of cognitive impairment on addiction withdrawal have also been demonstrated in the relevant clinical fields of addiction treatment. Many drugs that improve cognitive function, such as galantamine, modafinil, and atomoxetine, have achieved positive results in the treatment of drug addiction. Combine the existing research results obtained by working memory that training for healthy individuals. The researchers believe that drug addicts also have a high degree of cognitive plasticity, with training to enhance their performance on the tasks and to significantly migrate to other cognitive functions, thereby improving the relapse of drug addiction after withdrawal. In this paper, we review the results of recent studies on cognitive training with working memory as the core in various drug addicts. At present, the cognitive training tasks for drug addicts in withdrawal period mainly include digit span, N–back, Stroop and other tasks, which involve a wide range of individual cognitive abilities. After 3 to 8 weeks of various drug addiction groups and a total of 18 to 75 trials of cognitive ability training, evaluate training effects through behavioral experiments, questionnaires, and brain imaging techniques. The results showed that the cognitive ability of drug addiction individuals in the withdrawal period of cognitive training was improved and the symptoms of various addictions were alleviated. The main reason is that cognitive training can accelerate the spontaneous recovery of drug addicts with brain damage, in particular trigger positive changes in the functional and structural of the mesencephalon limbic dopamine and prefrontal system are associated with individual inhibition of control and lastly achieve recovery of damage brain structure and improved cognitive ability. And future research will focus on these issues in whether all drug addicts with different categories are all reversible or settings of cognitive training tasks can improve cognitive ability, gender differences and the long–term effects of training in the drug addiction training.

Key words: Drug Addict, Cognitive Training, Central Executive Function