从家庭系统的视角看待流动群体的困境经历与抗逆经验是社会心理服务体系构建中需要关注的重要议题。采取方便抽样和强度抽样的方式,从家庭变迁状况、日常生活样态、困境经历与抗逆经验三个层面对江浙两省家庭抗逆力整体水平较高的13户流动家庭儿童及其父母进行深度访谈,使用共识性质性研究方法提取和分析流动家庭的家庭抗逆力特征。结果显示：1. 流动家庭的生命历程中主要经历着生存性压力、养育性负担、关系性挑战与丧失性危机四种性质的困境。2. 流动家庭的家庭抗逆力具有坚定的信念、共情的互动、灵活的调节、榜样的支持、多重的经验五个特征。
Abstract
This study adopted a family systems perspective to examine adversity navigation and resilience mechanisms within floating populations. This constitutes a critical imperative for advancing psychosocial service frameworks. Employing a hybrid sampling strategy combining convenience and intensity approaches, this investigation conducted tripartite in-depth interviews with 13 high-resilience migrant families (including child-parent dyads) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and systematically examined: (a) family transition trajectories, (b) quotidian ecological niches, and (c) adversity-resilience dialectics. Through consensus qualitative research (CQR) methodology, we codified distinctive family resilience signatures using Hill's analytic protocols.
The results of the study showed that: (a) Dilemmas Faced by Migrant Families: The findings reveal that migrant families encounter four primary types of dilemmas throughout their life course: survival pressure, parenting burden, relationship challenges, and loss crises. Survival pressure refers to the inadequacy of social and economic resources available to the family, which often leads to significant stress and anxiety. This pressure can manifest in various forms, such as financial instability, inadequate housing conditions, and limited access to essential services. Parenting burden highlights the diminishing capacity of families to fulfill their parenting roles effectively, particularly in new and often challenging environments. Parents frequently struggle to provide adequate educational support and emotional guidance to their children, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and frustration. Relationship challenges emerge from separations and conflicts within the family system, often exacerbated by the migration process. The physical distance created by migration can result in emotional disconnection and misunderstandings among family members. Lastly, loss crises pertain to traumatic events experienced during the family life cycle, such as the death of a loved one or the breakdown of familial relationships. Despite these numerous challenges, the concept of family resilience emerges as a critical factor facilitating the transition of migrant families from vulnerability to a state of resilience.
(b) Following characteristics of family resilience have been identified. The study identifies five key characteristics that define the family resilience of migrant families: firm belief, empathic interaction, flexible adjustment, support of examples, and multiple experiences. Firm belief stands out as the core feature, providing family members with the psychological motivation necessary to confront and overcome difficulties. This belief often manifests as a shared conviction that they can improve their circumstances, which fosters hope and determination. Empathic interaction fosters an environment of mutual understanding, support, and cooperation among family members, serving as a foundational aspect of resilience. This interaction is crucial for maintaining emotional bonds and ensuring that family members feel valued and understood. Flexible adjustment enables family members to adapt actively to the complexities of their circumstances, employing effective coping strategies tailored to their unique situations. This adaptability is essential for navigating the uncertainties that come with migration. Support of examples refers to the inspiration drawn from role models within the family, which helps members recognize their collective strength in the face of adversity. These role models can be parents, older siblings, or extended family members who have successfully navigated similar challenges. Lastly, multiple experiences represent the externalized aspect of resilience, where past experiences of overcoming challenges inform current coping mechanisms, allowing families to endure present hardships and grow from them. This characteristic emphasizes the importance of learning from previous adversities and leveraging those lessons to foster resilience in novel circumstances.
In practice, the resilience experience extracted from the interviews can be extended to other disadvantaged migrant families for prevention and intervention. This includes the following strategies: strengthening family beliefs based on collectivist values, mutual understanding and mutual support among members, flexible and active continuous adjustment and evaluation of coping and adaptation strategies, giving full play to and transmitting the strength of role models to deal with difficulties, and learning to learn from past hardship experiences.
关键词
流动家庭 /
家庭抗逆力 /
质性研究
Key words
migrant family /
family resilience /
qualitative research
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基金
*本研究得到国家社会科学基金青年项目（20CSH068）的资助
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