关键词: 道德二元论, 心智感知, 公正世界信念, 责备无辜受害者

Abstract:

Abundant research on the Theory of Dyadic Morality has shown that the perceived harm is the core of moral judgment. The pain of the victim is one of the constituent elements of the perceived harm, and the judge's assessment of the pain of the victim is affected by mind perception. There are two important elements in mind perception, including agency and experience. Agency is corresponding to the moral responsibility, while experience is corresponding to the moral rights. The Theory of Dyadic Morality sticks to the view that agents are blameworthy, and patients deserve sympathy. In other words, the judge will blame the perpetrators more and sympathize with the victims more. However, the Belief in A Just World Theory gives different suggestions. The justice threat posed by the innocent victim suffering more serious harm is very likely to lead the judge to stay away from and blame the victim instead of sympathizing. This study explored the effects of mind perception, the effects of mind perception and belief in a just world on innocent victim-blaming through two studies.

Study 1 used a single-factor between-subject design. The independent variable was the victim's minds(including agency and experience), and the dependent variable was the degree of blame on the innocent victim. According to the mind perception,113 participants were randomly divided into the agency group and experience group to read a story about an agency victim or an experience victim. After reading the victim scenario ,they were required to score the degree of blame on the victim. A two(BJW: the high BJW threat, the lowBJW threat)*two(mind perception: agency, experience)between-subject design was made in study 2, and the dependent variables were the degree of blame on victims and the willingness to help the victims.178 participants were subjected to different manipulations of the BJW threat and mind perception. A story about an unjust world was used to prime the high BJW threat, and another story about an just world was used to prime the low BJW threat.

The results were as follow: (1) Mind perception affects the observers’ behavior of innocent victim-blaming, and the experience victim got less blaming than the agency victim. (2) The BJW and mind perception had an interactive effect on the behavior of blaming in the low-threat condition. That is, the experience victim got less blaming from observers who were not threatened by injustice than the agency victim. In contrast, in the high-threat condition, the observers were threatened by strong injustice and might be in an irrational state, so the agency victim got less blaming than the experience victim. (3)There was no interaction effect between the BJW and mind perception on the willingness to help victims. Observers with high BJW threat were more willing to help victims than observers with low BJW threat.

The present study suggests that mind perception influences the behavior of innocent victim-blaming, which may be limited by observers’ Belief in A Just World.

Key words: theory of dyadic morality, mind perception, belief in a just world theory, innocent victim-blaming