中国人的思维方式与心理健康：心理弹性与自尊的作用&#x0002A;

黄莲琼; 罗曦; 侯玉波

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240224

PDF(1319 KB)

心理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 458-466. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240224

新时代社会心理服务研究

中国人的思维方式与心理健康：心理弹性与自尊的作用^*

黄莲琼, 罗曦, 侯玉波^**

作者信息 +

The Chinese Thinking Style and Mental Health: The Role of Mental Resilience and Self-Esteem

Huang Lianqiong, Luo Xi, Hou Yubo

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

本研究探究了中国人思维方式与心理健康的关系以及心理弹性和自尊在其中的作用。对630份有效数据进行分析后发现,思维的联系性正向预测心理健康,矛盾性则负向预测心理健康;心理弹性在思维方式与心理健康间起中介作用;自尊不仅调节思维方式与心理健康的关系,也调节思维方式与心理弹性以及心理弹性与心理健康的关系,在该研究模型中起核心作用。这些结果不仅揭示了思维方式影响心理健康的机制,而且特别强调自尊在此过程中的重要作用。

Abstract

Extensive empirical studies have revealed the significant impact of mental health on individual psychosocial adaptation. However, with the acceleration of the pace of life and the intensification of competition, Chinese people are confronted with a sharp increase in the pressure from different aspects, followed by mental health problems that are increasingly prominent. According to the Blue Book of Mental Health: Report on National Mental Health Development in China (2019~2020), Chinese people scored significantly lower in emotional experience, self-knowledge, interpersonal communication, and adaptability in 2020 than in 2008. Therefore, it has become an urgent obligation for psychological researchers to deeply explore the factors affecting mental health and to put forward suggestions to meet people's needs for mental health services. Previous studies have pointed out that culture is an organic factor that constitutes mental health problems, and it is necessary to make efforts from the perspective of Chinese culture in order to solve Chinese mental health problems effectively. In view of this, the present study surmises that the Chinese thinking style, which reflects the characteristics of national culture, may be an important factor affecting mental health.
The purpose of this study was to examine how the Chinese thinking style, which is influenced by eastern culture, affects individuals’ mental health, as well as the role of mental resilience and self-esteem. In the present study, participants were recruited to participate in the online questionnaire survey through the online platform Questionnaire Star. The data were collected in two waves. Participants completed the Chinese Holistic Thinking Style Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the demographic questions at time 1. After an interval of one week (time 2), they completed the Mental Resilience Scale and the General Health Questionnaire. Totally 630 valid questionnaires were collected.
The results indicated that (1) the connectedness dimension of Chinese thinking style significantly positively predicted mental health, while the contradiction dimension significantly negatively predicted mental health. (2) Mental resilience partially mediated the relationship between the Chinese thinking style and mental health. (3) Self-esteem not only played a significant moderating role in the relationship between the Chinese thinking style and mental health, but also moderated the relationship between thinking style and mental resilience, as well as between mental resilience and mental health. That is, self-esteem played a core role in the present model.
These findings not only revealed the significance of Chinese thinking style in affecting the level of mental health but also showed the underlying mechanism of Chinese thinking style on mental health, especially the core role of self-esteem in the model. The results of this study enlighten us that enhancing mental resilience by training and strengthening people's holistic thinking style will contribute to improving their mental health status. Future researchers should further explore the positive influence of thinking style training on mental health. In addition, self-esteem exerts great influence upon Chinese psychosocial adaptation and behaviors, thus it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the cultivation of Chinese people’s self-esteem in the future.

导出引用

黄莲琼, 罗曦, 侯玉波. 中国人的思维方式与心理健康：心理弹性与自尊的作用^*[J]. 心理科学. 2024, 47(2): 458-466 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240224

Huang Lianqiong, Luo Xi, Hou Yubo. The Chinese Thinking Style and Mental Health: The Role of Mental Resilience and Self-Esteem[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2024, 47(2): 458-466 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240224

参考文献

[1] 柴晓运, 郭海英, 林丹华, 刘影, 苏双. (2018). 情绪调节策略对流动儿童主观幸福感的影响: 自尊和心理弹性的序列中介作用. 心理科学, 41(1), 71-76.
[2] 傅小兰, 张侃. (2021). 心理健康蓝皮书: 中国国民心理健康发展报告(2019-2020). 社会科学文献出版社.
[3] 高飞. (2022). 大学生情绪智力与生活满意度的关系: 安全感的中介效应与自尊的调节效应. 中国健康心理学杂志, 30(1), 96-101.
[4] 郭轶, 李雪晶, 黄新英, 钟婵. (2016). 抑郁症患者应对效能在中庸思维和心理健康间的中介作用. 四川精神卫生, 29(1), 23-25.
[5] 何桂华. (2022). 留守初中生心理健康与心理弹性的关联. 中国健康心理学杂志, 30(5), 758-762.
[6] 侯玉波, 彭凯平, 朱滢. (2016). 中国人整体思维方式量表的编制与确认. 中国社会心理学评论, 2, 45-72.
[7] 侯玉波, 张梦, 王歆. (2007). 青少年思维方式与应对方式的关系. 中国心理卫生杂志, 21(3), 158-161.
[8] 侯玉波, 朱滢. (2002). 文化对中国人思维方式的影响. 心理学报, 34(1), 106-111.
[9] 胡寒春. (2009). 青少年核心心理弹性的结构及其特征研究 (博士学位论文). 中南大学, 长沙.
[10] 姜雪凤. (2009). 通过辩证思维辅导优化大学生心理素质的实验研究. 青少年研究(山东省团校学报), 6, 22-24.
[11] 景怀斌. (2007). 儒家思想对于现代心理咨询的启示. 心理学报, 39(2), 371-380.
[12] 李虹, 梅锦荣. (2002). 测量大学生的心理问题: GHQ-20的结构及其信度和效度. 心理发展与教育, 18(1), 75-79.
[13] 李启明. (2011). 中庸实践思维、心理弹性与社会适应的关系 (硕士学位论文). 华中科技大学, 武汉.
[14] 梁启超. (2013). 新民说. 中国文史出版社..
[15] 廖友国. (2014). 中国人应对方式与心理健康关系的元分析. 中国临床心理学杂志, 22(5), 897-900.
[16] 刘华山. (2001). 心理健康概念与标准的再认识. 心理科学, 24(4), 481, 480.
[17] 刘巧兰, 何芙蓉, 蒋敏, 周艳阳. (2013). 5.12地震灾区青少年心理弹性及其影响因素的纵向研究. 卫生研究, 42(6), 950-954, 959.
[18] 路翠萍. (2008). 大学生思维方式与心理健康的关系研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 16(3), 278-279, 277.
[19] 乔姗姗, 徐震雷, 郝树伟, 吴任钢, 苏英. (2017). 退休人员社会支持、自尊与心理健康的关系. 中国健康心理学杂志, 25(7), 1039-1045.
[20] 舒首立, 郭永玉, 黄希庭. (2015). 中国人的自尊结构初探. 心理学探新, 35(5), 425-431.
[21] 汪向东, 王希林, 马弘. (1999). 心理卫生评定量表手册. 中国心理卫生杂志社.
[22] 王鑫强, 张大均. (2011). 心理健康双因素模型述评及其研究展望. 中国特殊教育, 19(10), 68-73.
[23] 温忠麟, 黄彬彬, 汤丹丹. (2018). 问卷数据建模前传. 心理科学, 41(1), 204-210.
[24] 夏莉莉. (2021). 正念预测体育院校大学生压力后成长——心理韧性的中介作用和自尊的调节作用 (硕士学位论文). 首都体育学院, 北京.
[25] 姚玉红, 刘亮, 赵旭东. (2011). 不同性别低年级大学生的自我分化与心理健康: 自尊的调节作用. 中国心理卫生杂志, 25(11), 856-861.
[26] 于肖楠, 张建新. (2005). Connor-Davidson韧性量表(CD-RISC)在中国大陆的应用. 第十届全国心理学学术大会, 上海.
[27] 周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
[28] 佐斌. (2010). “为了中国人民的幸福和尊严——心理学解读与建议”研讨会发言纪要. 心理科学进展, 18(7), 1027-1040.
[29] Agnafors S., Barmark M., & Sydsjö G. (2021). Mental health and academic performance: A study on selection and causation effects from childhood to early adulthood. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(5), 857-866.
[30] Bajaj B., Robins R. W., & Pande N. (2016). Mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 96, 127-131.
[31] Baumeister R. F., Campbell J. D., Krueger J. I., & Vohs K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 1-44.
[32] Brown, L. M. (2013). Resilience and mental health: Challenges across the lifespan. Occupational Medicine, 63(5), 383.
[33] Carta M. G., Patten S., Nardi A. E., & Bhugra D. (2017). Mental health and chronic diseases: A challenge to be faced from a new perspective. International Review of Psychiatry, 29(5), 373-376.
[34] Chen W. W., Xu G., Wang Z. Y., & Mak, M. C. K. (2022). Unhappy us, unhappy me, unhappy life: The role of self-esteem in the relation between adult attachment styles and mental health. Current Psychology, 41(2), 837-846.
[35] Clauss-Ehlers, C. S. (2004). Re-inventing resilience: A model of "culturally-focused resilient adaptation". In C. S. Clauss-Ehlers & M. D. Weist (Eds.), Community planning to foster resilience in children (pp. 27-41). Springer.
[36] Connor, K. M. & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
[37] Davydov D. M., Stewart R., Ritchie K., & Chaudieu I. (2010). Resilience and mental health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(5), 479-495.
[38] Gillespie B. M., Chaboyer W., Wallis M., & Grimbeek P. (2007). Resilience in the operating room: Developing and testing of a resilience model. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59(4), 427-438.
[39] Hennekam S., Richard S., & Grima F. (2020). Coping with mental health conditions at work and its impact on self-perceived job performance. Employee Relations, 42(3), 626-645.
[40] Hsieh H. F., Zimmerman M. A., Bauermeister J. A., Caldwell C. H., Xue Y. G., Wang Z. H., & Hou Y. B. (2016). Cumulative risks and promotive factors for Chinese adolescent problem behaviors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 43, 71-82.
[41] Hsieh H. F., Zimmerman M. A., Xue Y. G., Bauermeister J. A., Caldwell C. H., Wang Z. H., & Hou Y. B. (2014). Stress, active coping, and problem behaviors among Chinese adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(4), 364-376.
[42] Kaplan C. P., Turner S., Norman E., & Stillson K. (1996). Promoting resilience strategies: A modified consultation model. Children and Schools, 18(3), 158-168.
[43] Masten, A. S. (2007). Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 921-930.
[44] Ning K., Patalay P., L. Maggs J., & Ploubidis G. B. (2021). Early life mental health and problematic drinking in mid-adulthood: Evidence from two British birth cohorts. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(10), 1847-1858.
[45] Nisbett R. E.(2003). The geography of thought: How Asians and Westerners think differently and why. Free Press.
[46] Nisbett R. E., Peng K. P., Choi I., & Norenzayan A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291-310.
[47] Peng, K. P., & Nisbett, R. E. (1999). Culture, dialectics, and reasoning about contradiction. American Psychologist, 54(9), 741-754.
[48] Pietrzak R. H., Johnson D. C., Goldstein M. B., Malley J. C., & Southwick S. M. (2009). Psychological resilience and postdeployment social support protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiers returning from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Depression and Anxiety, 26(8), 745-751.
[49] Roets, A., & van Hiel, A. (2007). Separating ability from need: Clarifying the dimensional structure of the need for closure scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(2), 266-280.
[50] Rosenberg, M. (1965). Self-esteem and the adolescent. (Economics and the social sciences: Society and the adolescent self-image). New England Quarterly, 148(2), 177-196.
[51] Song H. L., Zhang M. J., Wang Y. J., Yang L. Y., Wang Y. Y., & Li Y. (2021). The impact of resilience on anxiety and depression among grass-roots civil servants in China. BMC Public Health, 21(1), Article 710.
[52] Spencer-Rodgers, J., & Peng, K. P. (2018). The psychological and cultural foundations of East Asian cognition: Contradiction, change, and holism Oxford University Press Contradiction, change, and holism. Oxford University Press.
[53] Thompson, J., & Gomez, R. (2014). The role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in moderating the effect of workplace stress on depression, anxiety and stress. Australasian Journal of Organisational Psychology, 7, Article e2.
[54] Veselska Z., Geckova A. M., Orosova O., Gajdosova B., van Dijk J. P., & Reijneveld S. A. (2009). Self-esteem and resilience: The connection with risky behavior among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 34(3), 287-291.