如何正确“消愁”?童年期逆境影响青少年自伤行为的机制与干预研究*

胡艺馨; 武晓; 杨逸飞; 苏凡珈; 王筱渺; 刘迪; 王大伟

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260517

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心理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 1219-1231. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260517

临床与咨询

如何正确“消愁”?童年期逆境影响青少年自伤行为的机制与干预研究^*

胡艺馨 ¹^,² ,
武晓 ¹^,² ,
杨逸飞 ¹^,² ,
苏凡珈 ¹^,² ,
王筱渺 ¹^,² ,
刘迪 ¹^,² ,
王大伟 ¹^,²^,^**

作者信息 +

How to Forget My Sorrow Correctly? The Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescents: Mechanisms and Intervention

Hu Yixin ¹^,² ,
Wu Xiao ¹^,² ,
Yang Yifei ¹^,² ,
Su Fanjia ¹^,² ,
Wang Xiaomiao ¹^,² ,
Liu Di ¹^,² ,
Wang Dawei ¹^,²^,^**

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为探究童年期逆境与青少年自伤行为的关系以及检验二者关系中经验性回避的中介作用和自我分化的调节作用，研究一采用问卷法对783名青少年进行调查。为检验以自我分化为中心的整合训练对青少年自伤行为的影响，研究二选取98名有自伤行为的青少年开展随机对照试验，进行为期8周的干预，分别在基线、干预后和1个月的随访中对症状指标进行测量。结果表明：（1）童年期逆境显著正向预测青少年自伤行为；（2）经验性回避在童年期逆境对青少年自伤行为的影响中起到部分中介作用；（3）自我分化可以显著调节经验性回避对青少年自伤行为的影响；（4）以自我分化为中心的整合训练可以显著减少青少年的自伤行为，并改善其情绪状态与主观幸福感水平。

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the roles of experiential avoidance and self-differentiation in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and self-injurious behavior in adolescents. It also seeks to examine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) incorporating self-differentiation in intervening in self-injurious behavior. In recent years, self-injurious behavior has become a serious problem among adolescents. According to the gene-environment interaction model, adverse childhood experiences are significant predictors of self-injurious behavior. Furthermore, the experiential avoidance model suggests that experiential avoidance plays a key role in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and self-injurious behavior in adolescents. In addition, several studies have found that self-differentiation can reduce non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescents. As a traditional intervention therapy for self-injurious behavior, DBT still has limitations. Therefore, the present study investigates whether DBT that integrates self-differentiation is able to reduce self-injurious behaviors in adolescents.

A total of 783 adolescents were selected for Study 1, including 405 boys and 378 girls. The average age was 13.16 years. The relationships between adverse childhood experiences, experiential avoidance, self-differentiation, and self-injurious behavior were tested using a questionnaire method. Study 2 was an intervention study in which a total of 98 adolescents were selected and randomly divided into three groups: the Self-Differentiation-Focused Integrated Training Group (SDFIT group), the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Control Group (DBT group), and the Waitlist Control Group for intervention. The levels of self-differentiation, self-injurious behavior, distress tolerance, and well-being were measured at three waves (baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up). Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 for both Study 1 and Study 2.

The results showed that: (1) Adverse childhood experiences had a significant direct effect on self-injurious behavior (β =.22, p <.001); adverse childhood experiences had a significant direct effect on experiential avoidance (β =.43, p <.001); experiential avoidance had a significant direct effect on self-injurious behavior (β =.17, p <.001). Adverse childhood experiences had a significant indirect effect on self-injurious behavior through experiential avoidance, with a 95% confidence interval of [.07,.19]. The interaction between self-differentiation and experiential avoidance had a significant effect on self-injurious behavior (β = -.25, p <.001). At the low self-differentiation level, there was a positive correlation between adolescents' levels of experiential avoidance and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. However, at the high level of self-differentiation, this relationship was not significant. (2) After the intervention, the level of self-differentiation was significantly higher in the SDFIT group than in the DBT group (p<.05) and the control group (p <.01). Furthermore, the score of self-injurious behavior in the SDFIT group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p <.001) after the intervention. Additionally, the level of well-being in the SDFIT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p <.05) at post-intervention, and was significantly higher than that in the other two groups during the follow-up period (p <.001; p <.001). At post-intervention, distress tolerance was significantly lower in the SDFIT group than in the DBT group (p <.001) and the waitlist group (p<.05). During follow-up, it remained significantly lower in the SDFIT group than in the waitlist group (p <.05). These findings suggest that the DBT intervention integrating self-differentiation is effective in increasing adolescents' self-differentiation level and reducing self-injurious behavior.

The findings suggest that experiential avoidance plays a mediating role in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and self-injurious behavior, and self-differentiation moderates the relationship between experiential avoidance and self-injurious behavior. Furthermore, dialectical behavior therapy integrating self-differentiation not only serves as an effective intervention for self-injurious behavior but also provides theoretical and practical support for the prevention of self-injurious behavior.

导出引用

胡艺馨, 武晓, 杨逸飞, 等. 如何正确“消愁”?童年期逆境影响青少年自伤行为的机制与干预研究^*[J]. 心理科学. 2026, 49(5): 1219-1231 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260517

Hu Yixin, Wu Xiao, Yang Yifei, et al. How to Forget My Sorrow Correctly? The Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescents: Mechanisms and Intervention[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2026, 49(5): 1219-1231 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260517

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