青少年生命敬畏感、自尊与受欺凌的关系：一项交叉滞后分析*

林荣茂; 叶玉珊; 郑婉卿; 胡添祥; 陈小燕; 解徐超; 詹鋆

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260518

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心理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 1232-1242. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260518

临床与咨询

青少年生命敬畏感、自尊与受欺凌的关系：一项交叉滞后分析^*

林荣茂 ¹^,^** ,
叶玉珊 ¹ ,
郑婉卿 ¹ ,
胡添祥 ¹ ,
陈小燕 ¹ ,
解徐超 ² ,
詹鋆 ¹^,^**

作者信息 +

Life Awe, Self-Esteem, and Bullying Victimization in Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Analysis

Lin Rongmao ¹^,^** ,
Ye Yushan ¹ ,
Zheng Wanqing ¹ ,
Hu Tianxiang ¹ ,
Chen Xiaoyan ¹ ,
Xie Xuchao ² ,
Zhan Jun ¹^,^**

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

作为对生命和自我价值认同的核心要素，生命敬畏感与自尊能通过构建以意义为导向的主动保护机制以有效预防受欺凌。本研究对3911名青少年进行两次追踪调查(间隔6个月)，通过交叉滞后分析探究生命敬畏感、自尊与受欺凌之间的纵向关系。结果表明：(1) T1生命敬畏感和T1自尊均显著负向预测T2受欺凌 (β = -.11、-.12)，T1受欺凌显著负向预测T2自尊 (β = -.04); (2) 生命敬畏感与自尊存在双向预测，相较于生命敬畏感对自尊的预测，自尊对生命敬畏感的预测作用显著更强 (.22 VS..10); (3) 进一步分析发现，自尊对受欺凌的负向预测作用存在学段差异，生命敬畏感在自尊与受欺凌之间起部分中介作用。研究揭示了生命敬畏感与自尊能有效预防受欺凌，为校园欺凌防治提供建议与启示。

Abstract

School bullying remains a prevalent global concern, posing significant risks to the positive development of adolescents. The vulnerability of adolescents’ internal meaning systems is closely linked to the risk of bullying victimization. When individuals lack a sense of life value and a clear self-concept, they are less likely to develop self-protective awareness or proactive coping, increasing their likelihood of being bullied. Strengthening adolescents’ internal meaning resources plays a pivotal role in the prevention of school bullying.

Life awe and self-esteem represent two such resources. According to meaning-making theory, when individuals encounter negative events, their global meaning system, which encompasses core beliefs about life and self-worth, interacts dynamically with the situational meaning of the event. A stable meaning system provides a coherent framework for integrating stressors and adapting positively. Building on this foundation, life awe fosters a profound appreciation of the value of life, which strengthens individuals’ valuation of their own lives and enhances self-protective awareness. Self-esteem reflects a global evaluation of one’ s worth. High self-esteem reinforces positive self-beliefs, leading to greater confidence and resistance in dealing with bullying. Together, they help adolescents maintain meaning-system stability under threat, foster confidence and proactivity in self-protection, and thereby reduce the risk of victimization. However, bullying victimization, as a peer-interpersonal stressor characterized by aggression and social exclusion, may challenge the global meaning system, thereby potentially undermining life awe and self-esteem.

Life awe and self-esteem may have a mutually reinforcing relationship. Life awe can enhance self-esteem by promoting positive cognitive restructuring. In turn, self-esteem helps individuals better understand appreciate the finiteness of life, fosters more positive life experiences, and thereby enhances life awe. Accordingly, this study employed the cross-lagged panel analysis to examine the dynamic relationships among life awe, self-esteem, and bullying victimization.

A longitudinal design was adopted, with 3,911 adolescents (Mage = 14.7 years, 55.7% boys) surveyed twice over a six-month interval in April 2024 (T1) and October 2024 (T2). This study used the Life Awe Scale for Chinese Adolescents, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Chinese version of the Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and common method bias tests were conducted using SPSS 26.0, while longitudinal measurement invariance testing and latent cross-lagged modeling were performed using Mplus 8.3. The results revealed that: (1) Cross-lagged paths indicated that both T1 self-esteem and T1 life awe significantly and negatively predicted T2 bullying victimization (β = -.11, -.12), and T1 bullying victimization negatively predicted T2 self-esteem (β = -.04); (2) A bidirectional predictive relationship existed between life awe and self-esteem, with the effect of self-esteem on life awe being stronger (β =.22 vs..10); (3) Multi-group analyses showed that the associations among life awe, self-esteem, and bullying victimization were consistent across gender, whereas the negative predictive effect of self-esteem on bullying victimization differed across grade levels. Specifically, the negative predictive effect was significant in junior secondary students only; (4) Longitudinal mediation analysis showed that, after controlling for T1 life awe and T1 bullying victimization. T2 life awe partially mediated the relationship between T1 self-esteem and T2 bullying victimization, with an indirect effect of -.04 (95% CI= [-.051, -.021]), accounting for 30.8% of the total effect.

This study suggests that life awe and self-esteem function as key internal meaning resources that protect adolescents against bullying victimization. Beyond their direct protective effects, self-esteem may also exert an indirect effect by facilitating the development of life awe. More importantly, self-esteem and life awe may jointly contribute to an integrated psychological defense mechanism through a meaning-development process that extends from self-worth to the value of life, thereby enhancing adolescents’ capacity to cope with the risk of bullying. The interaction between these two resources may contribute to the formation of a meaning-oriented self-protection system, helping adolescents shift from passive defense to more proactive prevention.

These findings highlight important practical implications for bullying prevention. Effective intervention requires not only external support, but also the cultivation of stable and enduring internal motivation. Educators and practitioners should emphasize the development of adolescents’ internal meaning systems, especially through life education and the promotion of healthy self-concept. Strengthening adolescents’ recognition of life value and fostering a stable sense of self-worth can activate intrinsic motivation for self-protection and provide more sustainable psychological and social resources to support their adaptation.

导出引用

林荣茂, 叶玉珊, 郑婉卿, 等. 青少年生命敬畏感、自尊与受欺凌的关系：一项交叉滞后分析^*[J]. 心理科学. 2026, 49(5): 1232-1242 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260518

Lin Rongmao, Ye Yushan, Zheng Wanqing, et al. Life Awe, Self-Esteem, and Bullying Victimization in Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Analysis[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2026, 49(5): 1232-1242 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20260518

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