社会认知复杂性是描述个体社会认知结构特点的个体差异变量，作为社会认知领域的研究热点，当前却鲜有研究关注它与同伴交往的关系。本研究选取初一至高二234名中学生考察了社会认知复杂性与同伴交往之间的关系，并辅以人际交往能力、学业成就通过结构方程模型进一步探讨了二者之间关联的路径。结果表明：（1）青少年社会认知复杂性与同伴接受、同伴拒绝、人际交往能力、学业成就之间存在显著相关。社会认知复杂性高的学生获得了较多的同伴接纳、较少的同伴拒绝，并具有较高的人际交往能力和学业成就。（2）青少年社会认知复杂性以人际交往能力和学业成就为中介变量间接影响同伴的受欢迎程度。

Social cognitive complexity was a concept reflecting individual differences on social cognitive structure. However, as a hot research topic in the field of social cognitive psychology, few studies have concerned the relationship between social cognitive complexity and peer interaction. Based on a sample of 234 Chinese adolescents from 7th through 11th grades, the present study firstly investigated the relationship between social cognitive complexity and peer interaction, then discussed their relation path using structural equation model (SEM) fatherly. The results showed that (1) there were significant correlation among social cognitive complexity and peer acceptance, peer rejection, interpersonal competence, social preference. The adolescent with higher social cognitive complexity has higher interpersonal competence and academic achievement, received more peer acceptance while less peer rejection. (2) interpersonal competence and academic achievement were mediator variables between social cognitive complexity and peer popularity, social cognitive complexity could affect an individuals’ popularity in peer group by influencing his/her interpersonal skills and academic achievement.