关键词: 幼儿, 气质, 创造性人格, 交叉滞后分析

Abstract: With the development of science and technology, our life has become easier than ever before. However, the world has become more complex, then our life has become more difficult than ever before as well. The complexity of life is increasing and the information technology is developing, so we also have more opportunities than before. All of these mean that creativity is becoming more and more important for human development. Creativity is a psychological trait possessed by all normal individuals. It is considered to be the ability to promote economic growth and social reform at a macro level. Creativity is an indispensable comprehensive ability for individual development and social progress. Creative personality is a kind of relatively stable and integrated personality trait displayed in the process of creative activities. It can effectively promote and protect the development of individual creativity. Temperament is a relatively unique inherent mode of individual’ s response to the environment, which mainly depends on the genetic inheritance of the individual. It is a very important subclass of personality traits, and plays an important role in the formation of creative personality in young children. Temperament can make individuals’ mental activities different from others and have their own uniqueness. At present, most of the researches on children’s creative personality focused on the structure and types of children’ s creative personality, as well as their development stages and characteristics, while the research on the influencing factors of creative personality is relatively less. In all stages of life, early childhood is a particularly critical stage, and early childhood is an important period of creative development. Different temperament structure has an important influence on children’ s creative personality. However, there is no empirical research on the relationship between temperament and creative personality in the past. In this research, we examined the development of children’ s temperament and creative personality, as well as the correlation and causality between temperament and creative personality. We selected 287 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds from four different kindergartens in Dalian and their teachers filled out the Children’ s Creative Personality Tendency Questionnaire and Creative Personality Questionnaire. The results indicated as follows: (1) Correlation analysis results indicated that the creative personality was significantly positively related to the emotionality (r1=.217, r2=.194, p<.01), activity (r1=.261, r2=.200, p<.01), reactivity (r1=.558, r2=.375, p<.01) and concentration (r1=.280, r2=.333, p<.01). The creative personality was significantly negatively related to the social inhibition (r1=-.177, r2=-.139, p<.01). (2) Cross-lagged regression results indicated that children’ s Time 1 emotion (β=.097, p<.01), activity (β=.047, p<.01), reaction (β=.359, p<.01) and concentration (β=.153, p<.01) could significantly positively predict children’ s Time 2 creative personality, while children’ s Time 1 social inhibition (β=-.091, p<.01) could significantly negatively predict children’ s Time 2 creative personality. The results of this study showed that there is not only a correlation but also causal relationship between the temperament and creative personality. Therefore, in the early childhood stage, we can cultivate their creative personality according to their different temperament characteristics.

Key words: preschool children, temperament, creative personality, cross-lagged regression analysis