Abstract:

Communication apprehension has a negative influence on person’s study and life (McCroskey,1978).At present, there were two important scales to examine social phobia or anxiety, Communication Apprehension scale(PRCA-24) and Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker(PRCS). However, above scales only examine social phobia from subjective experence and behaviour.Meanwhile different culture background existed in Western and Eastern research (Zhong Jie，Li Bo，Qian Ming-yi.2002), there wasn’t a native communication apprehension scale published for Chinese college students in China. So we were supposed to develop the Communication Apprehension Scale for Chinese College students according to actual background of Chinese college students and examine the reliability and validity of Face-audence Communication Apprehension, we also named it as Chinese Communication Apprehension Scale(CCAS). We used 3-phase procedure to develop it. First, we reviewed a great deal of relevant refence and different social phobic scales,and chose proper adjective words in order to describe social phobic disorders; Second, we held open-interview in college students for collectiong information, and then form preliminary survey; Finally, we had 3 psychological professors, 5 postgraduates and a clinical psychological doctor to evaluate each item for clarity,specificity, and representativeness. During investigation, we also adopted 3 steps. First, 400 students from education and non-education universities in south-west China were for pre-survey. 349 useable data(191 male,158 female)was for items analysis in order to make up formal scale. Second,760 participants from universities in Guizhou,Yunnan, Sichuan provinces were for formal survey. 619 usable data (252 male,367 female) was divided into two parts, one was used for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA); the other part for cross-validity analysis. Finally, three weeks later, 100 participants retest for test-reliability. The results show that the CCAS has four factors with 20 items: lecture apprehension, social communication apprehension, group communication apprehension, and communication confidence. The CFA showed the fitness of the high order factor of the scale: CMIN/DF=1.692, GFI=.916, IFI=.940, NNFI=.930, CFI=.939, RMSEA=.047. The whole scale’s consistency reliability was .903 , and the test-retest reliability was .88. So we can come to the conclusion that confirmatory factor analysis studies show the structure of the CCAS was reasonable. The internal consistency、test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity of the CCAS entirely were accorded with psychometric demands. The CCAS can be used as an effective and reliable tool for assessing college students’ communication apprehension.

Key words: Audience-facing Communication Apprehension, Lecture Apprehension, Communication Confidence, Social Communication Apprehension, Group Communication Apprehension, undergraduates

摘要：

研制测量大学生面众交流恐惧的量表。采用初测量表在西南地区师范类与非师范类大学随机测查349名大学生，对回收有效数据进行探索性因素分析。采用正式量表对西南地区师范类与非师范类619名大学生进行施测，将回收有效问卷进行分半处理，将其中一半的数据作为验证性因素分析；另一半数据作为交互效度分析。3个星期后，随机抽取西南某省师范大学与非师范大学生100名进行重测。验证性因素分析结果表明，大学生面众交流恐惧量表由4个维度构成，分别是上台恐惧，社交交流恐惧、小组交流恐惧和交流自信。交互效度的检验表明该量表具有测量恒等性，可使用于大学生不同样本的测量。

关键词: 面众交流恐惧, 上台恐惧, 交流自信, 社交交流恐惧, 小组交流恐惧, 大学生