Abstract: Prospective memory tasks which were assigned to the subjects during the course of experiments can be divided into two kinds according to its property: natural task and artificial task. And both task can be presented on a laboratory environment or an out laboratory environment. So there are four paradigms of tasks in prospective memory experiments: artificial task in natural situation (type 1), natural task in natural situation (type 2), artificial task in laboratory situation (type 3) and natural task in laboratory situation (type 4). Tests were done in turns to 47 undergraduates between bringing paper and pen (type 2), prospective memory test in laboratory (type 3), signing the date when finishing the test (type 4) and sending a text message to the experimenter 2 days later (type 1). The results indicated that prospective memories of different attribute in the same situation were consistent, especially in the natural situation. But the same attribute of prospective memories in different task situations were inconsistent. So prospective memories of the same task attribute in different task situations are inconsistent, prospective memories in laboratory and in natural situations can’t be anticipated with each other. The results could not only afford reference on improving ecological validity and choosing an appropriate experiment task of prospective memory research, but also provide illumination to the measurement of the ability of prospective memory.

Key words: memory, prospective memory, task situation, ecological validity

摘要： 对47名大学生被试依次进行自然情境中的人为任务、自然情境中的自然任务、实验室情境中的人为任务和实验室情境中的自然任务的测试。结果发现，相同任务情境中的不同性质的前瞻记忆具有一致性，特别是在自然情境中的一致性更为明显；相同任务性质但不同任务情境下的前瞻记忆没有一致性，实验室中的前瞻记忆与自然情境中的前瞻记忆不能相互预测。

关键词: 记忆, 前瞻记忆, 任务情境, 生态效度