Abstract: The purpose of traditional Chinese philosophy is to mold ideal personality and nurture individuals’ spirit. The core of this philosophy is to regulate and control of body and mind. Chinese culture contains not only a system of thoughts but also a system of practice methods. This integration is the quintessence of Chinese culture. It includes both insight of good thoughts and specific behavioral modification methods for ideal. It educates people with useful ways leading to a spiritual world. In recent 15 years, researches on the relationship between Chinese culture and psychology are increasing. However in competitive sports field there are few researches on athletes’ psychological counseling and mental training from the point of view of Chinese traditional thinking and techniques. Both the trend of psychology development on theoretical and empirical studies with a multi-cultural approach and the characteristics of Chinese competitive sports system induce the need for indigenous researches on psychological counseling and mental training. Based on the approach of combining Chinese culture and mental training, this paper made a summary of techniques and methods rooted from thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism for athletes’ mental training program. These methods include 1) introspection and reading for control of thinking and attitude, 2) meditation, count of breathing and standing Qigong for control of deliria and disturbing thinking, and 3) training of mindfulness and learning of Guqin, Go, calligraphy and Chinese painting for control of emotions. Four difficulties were discussed when introducing thinking and methods of Chinese culture into athletes’ mental training program. First many concepts in Chinese culture are difficult to be measured and effects of behavioral modification are difficult to be tested because Chinese culture carries a mysterious characteristic and lacks of operational possibility. Second, few researchers are interested in this research area. Third, there is lack of systematic researches in this field. And fourth, there are wrong cognitions toward to Chinese traditional culture and therefore mental training techniques embedded in Chinese traditional culture are not well accepted in sport teams.

Key words: mental training, athlete, Chinese culture, meditation, introspection, mindfulness training

摘要： 传统中国哲学的目的在于理想人格塑造，人的心灵提升，其核心是身心调节与控制。中国文化的精妙之处在于，不仅拥有完整的思想体系，更有与之相应的践行方式，既有见地的开悟，又有修为的精进，在系统阐述人生境地的同时，拥有成熟的修为方法。近15年，国内外关于中国文化与心理学关系的研究呈现显著增长态势，但在竞技体育领域却鲜见运动员心理咨询和心理训练引入传统文化思想和技术的相关研究。多元文化视角下的理论与实证研究的国际心理学发展趋势，以及中国竞技体育制度特征，都诱发了对心理训练和心理咨询本土化发展的需要。本文立足于中国文化与心理训练的契合，总结提炼能够为运动队心理训练服务所借鉴的传统修为技术与方法。这些方法包括1）改变思想态度的撰写日记以内省、读书以养浩然之气；2）控制妄想杂念的静坐、数息、站桩；3）调节情绪心境的正念训练、琴棋书画等。将中国文化的思想与方法引入运动员心理训练尚面临困境，包括1）中国文化独特的神秘特性导致其缺乏可操作性，诸多概念难以精确测量，修为效果尚待实证检验；2）研究人员严重不足，潜心钻研的学者匮乏；3）研究深度缺乏，挖掘整理系统性不足；4）对传统文化存在错误认知，难以保证心理训练技术顺利进入运动队。

关键词: 心理训练, 运动员, 中国文化, 静坐, 内省, 正念训练