Abstract: With development of group counseling and psychotherapy, more and more qualified group leaders are needed. However, there is lack of specific study on what qualified group leader in group counseling and psychotherapy is, especially in Chinese culture. At present there are only some views of qualified group leaders in group counseling and psychotherapy from influential psychologists in this area, but lack of empirical support on this topic. Even in the field of counselor’s competency, which focuses on the research of abilities a counselor needs in psychological counseling process, restricted its studies on individual counseling ability, thus lacks pertinence. Meanwhile, psychologists agreed that group counseling ability is not exactly the same as individual counseling ability. For these reasons, this study sought to explore which abilities group leaders need in group counseling and psychotherapy, and construct “The Competency Model of Group Leaders” via a qualitative approach. This model is aimed to provide a reference standard for evaluating the capability of group leaders, and it can be used to guide the training and evaluation of group leaders. Fourteen Chinese group leaders from university counseling centers, hospital and corporation participated in the study, out of which thirteen were valid. Five of these people belonged to the “excellent group”, and the other eight belonged to the “average group”. Two were male and eleven were female. The average age was 40.64 [Age range was from 26 to 58]. We collected qualitative data by using Behavior Event Interview (BEI). Every group leader was interviewed face to face at least two hours. Then we convert the recording into text. There was no statistically significant difference between the excellent group and the average group in terms of the length of the interview and the coding frequencies. And then referencing the coding protocol, we coded the text from the interview materials and analyzed the most critical coding words and built the competency model for group leaders in China with this data. Validity and reliability of this model are reported. The primary competency model of group leaders was established, which consisted of benchmark competency characters and distinctive competency characters. The benchmark competency characters conclude professional knowledge, change detection, environmental monitoring, judgment, discernment, observation, rational thinking, analytical thinking, comprehensive thinking, flexibility, initiative, clear objectives, problem solving, the ability of reflection, ability under pressure, emotional expression, self-awareness, honest, positive self-evaluation, focus on others’ positive side, interpersonal understanding, communication skills, empathy, care about others, desire for help, respect for others, tolerance of others, influence, guidance and training others, dedicated and responsible. Besides the common features, the distinctive competency characters also conclude courage to attempt, strong willed, stability, optimistic, patience, listening skills, the ability to control, rule consciousness. The reliability of the model (category agreement) was between 57.0%~72.1%. In addition, the coding results of behavioral interviews and their subjective capability cognition were analyzed. There are differences between the competencies they show and the competencies they thought to be the most important, between the new group leaders and the experience ones, and between the male group leaders and the female group leader. Reasons as to why these differences exist are discussed.

Key words: Group Leader, Group Counseling and Psychotherapy, Competency, Competency Model, Behavior Event Interview

摘要： 为了探索团体心理咨询与治疗师的胜任力模型，本研究用行为事件访谈法对13位团体心理咨询与治疗师进行访谈，分析文献提取并整理成编码词表，并对访谈数据进行编码，统计各词条在访谈资料里的出现频次并排序。最终提炼出了团体心理咨询与治疗师的基准性胜任特征和鉴别性胜任特征，并整理得到了团体心理咨询与治疗师的胜任特征模型。研究表明，基准性胜任特征的存在表明团体心理咨询与治疗师具有共同的胜任特征，如专业知识、变化觉察、把握环境、判断力等；鉴别性胜任特征则反映了不同水平的团体心理咨询与治疗师在胜任特征上的差异，如专业知识、洞察力、观察力、分析性思维等。

关键词: 团体领导者, 团体心理咨询与治疗, 胜任特征, 胜任特征模型, 行为事件访谈法