亲子关系与中职生生涯适应力：基于生涯建构理论视角*

杨青风; 谢瑞波; 丁菀; 李佳依; 李伟健

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240621

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心理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 1496-1506. DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240621

新时代社会心理服务研究

亲子关系与中职生生涯适应力：基于生涯建构理论视角^*

杨青风, 谢瑞波, 丁菀^**, 李佳依, 李伟健

作者信息 +

Parent-Child Relationship and Career Adaptability of Secondary Vocational Students: From the Perspective of Career Construction Theory

Yang Qingfeng, Xie Ruibo, Ding Wan, Li Jiayi, Li Weijian

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文章历史 +

摘要

基于职业关系理论和生涯建构理论,采用问卷法对1214名中职生进行以6个月为间隔的3次追踪测查,考察父子关系和母子关系对中职生生涯适应力的纵向预测作用以及学业自我效能感和生涯决策自我效能感在其中的中介作用。结果发现：(1)父子关系能够正向预测中职生生涯适应力,而母子关系的直接预测作用不显著。(2)母子关系可以通过学业自我效能感和生涯决策自我效能感促进中职生生涯适应力发展,而父子关系仅通过生涯决策自我效能感纵向预测中职生生涯适应力。这些发现表明,良好的亲子关系能够增强中职生在学业和生涯决策两方面的自我效能感,进而促进其生涯适应力。并且,父子关系对中职生生涯适应力的促进作用可能在职业属性方面更为突出。

Abstract

Secondary education is an important component of China’s education system. With the upgrading of industrial structure and the advancement of a new round of vocational education reform, it is crucial to understand how to enhance the adaptability of secondary vocational students in achieving career transitions. Previous research has revealed the significant influences of family environment on adolescents' career development. However, compared to regular high school students whose main career development goal is academic achievement, secondary vocational students tend to be more employment-oriented. Considering that secondary vocational students are still in the stage of adolescence where their physical and mental development is not yet mature, they face challenges in career transitions that are difficult to handle independently. Therefore, they need more trust and guidance from their parents in this process. Particularly, in the Chinese cultural context, where there is a long-standing tradition of high parent-child dependency, one of the important motivations for children's career development is to bring honor to their families. Moreover, fathers and mothers also play different roles in the process of their children's career development. Therefore, it has positive theoretical and practical significance to thoroughly explore the longitudinal predictive role of parent-child relationship quality on the career adaptability of secondary vocational students in China and its underlying mechanisms within the Chinese cultural background.
According to the career construction theory, self-efficacy serves as a core mechanism mediating the development of career adaptability in response to situational factors. Given that academic achievement and career decision-making are the most prominent career development tasks for vocational students, this study examined the longitudinal predictive role of father-child and mother-child relationships on the career adaptability of secondary vocational students in the Chinese cultural background, as well as the mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and career decision self-efficacy in this relationship. The study employed a cluster sampling method and collaborated with a secondary vocational college in an eastern province of China to conduct an online questionnaire survey of 1214 participants in their first year of high school. The study conducted three waves of follow-up surveys. Participants completed the questionnaires on father-son/mother-son relationships, academic self-efficacy, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career adaptability at Time 1. Additionally, participants responded to questions regarding gender, age, subjective family socioeconomic status, and academic performance. After a six-month interval (Time 2), they completed the questionnaires on academic self-efficacy and career decision-making self-efficacy again. Following another six-month interval (Time 3), they completed the career adaptability scale.
Controlling for gender, grade, socioeconomic status, and Time 1 career adaptability, the results from the study sample revealed that: (1) Father-child relationships can positively predict the career adaptability of secondary vocational students, while the direct predictive effect of mother-son relationships is not significant. (2) Mother-child relationships can promote the development of career adaptability in secondary vocational students through academic self-efficacy and career decision-making self-efficacy, whereas the quality of father-child relationships longitudinally predicts career adaptability in secondary vocational students only through career decision-making self-efficacy.
Our study has theoretical and practical implications. First, by adopting a relational perspective and considering both parent-child relationships and mother-child relationships, we explore the longitudinal associations between parent-child relationships and the career adaptability of secondary vocational school students, as well as the mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and career decision self-efficacy. This contributes to establishing a more comprehensive “Family Relationships - Campus Learning - Career Development” model and further deepens the theoretical and localized research findings on parent-child relationships and career adaptability development. Additionally, the results of this study indicate that a good parent-child relationship can enhance the self-efficacy of secondary vocational students in both academic and career decision-making aspects, thereby promoting the development of their career adaptability. Furthermore, the influence of father-child relationships on the career adaptability of secondary vocational students in China may be more prominent in terms of vocational attributes, and it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the role of fathers in guiding their children's career development in the future.

导出引用

杨青风, 谢瑞波, 丁菀, 李佳依, 李伟健. 亲子关系与中职生生涯适应力：基于生涯建构理论视角^*[J]. 心理科学. 2024, 47(6): 1496-1506 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240621

Yang Qingfeng, Xie Ruibo, Ding Wan, Li Jiayi, Li Weijian. Parent-Child Relationship and Career Adaptability of Secondary Vocational Students: From the Perspective of Career Construction Theory[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2024, 47(6): 1496-1506 https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240621

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