平衡时间洞察力与心理健康的关系:情绪调节策略的中介作用*

doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20240307

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于1432名被试（M = 29.04岁,SD = 14.38岁）,本研究旨在探究平衡时间洞察力与心理健康的关系,并检验情绪调节策略的中介效应。结果发现：（1）平衡时间洞察力与生活满意度、积极情感正相关,与消极情绪、焦虑负相关。（2）平衡时间洞察力与认知重评正相关,与表达抑制负相关。认知重评与生活满意度、积极情绪呈正相关,与焦虑、消极情绪呈负相关;表达抑制与消极情绪、焦虑呈正相关。（3）认知重评、表达抑制在平衡时间洞察力与总体心理健康之间起部分中介作用。研究结果强调了平衡时间洞察力对人们的情绪调节和心理健康的重要意义,并给出了培养和构建平衡时间洞察力的建议。

关键词: 时间洞察力, 平衡时间洞察力, 心理健康, 情绪调节策略

Abstract: Balanced time perspective refers to an individual's overall positive cognition of the past, present, and future, and the ability to show adaptive time perspective depending on a situation's demands. Numerous studies have generally found a positive and strong association between balanced time perspective and indicators of mental health. However, little is known about the mediating mechanism underlying this link. Previous studies have shown that emotion regulation strategies are closely related to subjective well-being and anxiety. Generally speaking, individuals who frequently use cognitive reappraisal strategy are likely to experience better subjective well-being and less anxiety, whereas people who often use expressive suppression strategy tend to experience a low level of subjective well-being and a high level of anxiety. In addition, given that balanced time perspective is closely related to individual emotions, motivations, and behaviors, it may be an important factor affecting emotion regulation strategies. Thus, we hypothesized that emotion regulation strategies would mediate the linkage between balanced time perspective and mental health.
To test our hypotheses, a total of 1432 adults aged 17 to 76 years old (Mean age = 29.04 years old, SD = 14.38 years old) participated in the present study via an online survey. They anonymously completed questionnaires regarding balanced time perspective, emotion regulation strategies, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and anxiety. All the data were analyzed with the software SPSS 22.0 and Mplus7.0. We first used correlation analysis to preliminary test the relationship among study variables, and then structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating effects of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between balanced time perspective and mental health. Mental health was treated as a latent variable including four indicators: life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect and anxiety. Results showed that (1) balanced time perspective positively correlated with life satisfaction and positive affect, and negatively related to negative affect and anxiety. (2) Balanced time perspective positively linked with cognitive reappraisal and negatively linked with expressive suppression. Cognitive reappraisal was positively related to life satisfaction and positive affect, and negatively related to negative affect and anxiety. Expressive suppression was positively related to negative affect and anxiety. (3) The relationship between balanced time perspective and mental health was significantly mediated by cognitive reappraisal (in a positive direction) and expressive suppression (in a negative direction). These findings highlighted the importantance of involving balanced time perspective and emotion regulation strategies when explaining individuals’ mental health.
In summary, this study confirmed the positive effect of balanced time perspective on mental health and demonstrated the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in the relationship between balanced time perspective and mental health. The results of this study have implications for clinical practice and suggestions that promote well-being and reduce anxiety by building a balanced time perspective were provided. Limitations and future directions were also discussed.

Key words: time perspective, balanced time perspective, mental health, emotion regulation strategies

李小保, 吕厚超. 平衡时间洞察力与心理健康的关系:情绪调节策略的中介作用^*[J]. 心理科学, 2024, 47(3): 562-569.

Li Xiaobao, Lyu Houchao. Balanced Time Perspective and Mental Health: The Mediating Effects of Emotion Regulation Strategies[J]. Journal of Psychological Science, 2024, 47(3): 562-569.

参考文献

[1] 柴晓运, 郭海英, 林丹华, 刘影, 苏双. (2018). 情绪调节策略对流动儿童主观幸福感的影响: 自尊和心理弹性的序列中介作用. 心理科学, 41(1), 71-76.
[2] 程利, 袁加锦, 何媛媛, 李红. (2009). 情绪调节策略: 认知重评优于表达抑制. 心理科学进展, 17(4), 730-735.
[3] 刘影, 桑标, 龚少英, 丁雪辰, 潘婷婷. (2016). 情绪表达抑制功能的文化差异. 心理科学进展, 24(10), 1647-1654.
[4] 吕厚超. (2014). 青少年时间洞察力研究. 科学出版社..
[5] 邱林, 郑雪, 王雁飞. (2008). 积极情感消极情感量表(PANAS)的修订. 应用心理学, 14(3), 249-254.
[6] 王富贤, 邹泓, 李一茗, 汤玉龙. (2016). 情绪调节灵活性研究进展综述. 中国特殊教育, 3, 77-82.
[7] Barsics C., Rebetez M. M. L., Rochat L., D'Argembeau A., & Van der Linden, M. (2017). A French version of the balanced time perspective scale: Factor structure and relation to cognitive reappraisal. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 49(1), 51-57.
[8] Boniwell I., Osin E., Linley P. A., & Ivanchenko G. V. (2010). A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 24-40.
[9] Boniwell, I., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2015). Balancing time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In S. Joseph (Ed.), Positive psychology in practice: Promoting human flourishing in work, health, education, and everyday life (pp. 223-236). John Wiley & Sons.
[10] Buruck G., Dörfel D., Kugler J., & Brom S. S. (2016). Enhancing well-being at work: The role of emotion regulation skills as personal resources. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(4), 480-493.
[11] Carelli M. G., Wiberg B., & Åström E. (2015). Broadening the TP profile: Future negative time perspective. In M. Stolarski, N. Fieulaine, & W. van Beek (Eds.), Time perspective theory; Review, research and application (pp. 87-97). Springer.
[12] Chang V. T., Overall N. C., Madden H., & Low, R. S. T. (2018). Expressive suppression tendencies, projection bias in memory of negative emotions, and well-being. Emotion, 18(7), 925-941.
[13] Diener E. D., Emmons R. A., Larsen R. J., & Griffin S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
[14] Goschke, T., & Bolte, A. (2014). Emotional modulation of control dilemmas: The role of positive affect, reward, and dopamine in cognitive stability and flexibility. Neuropsychologia, 62, 403-423.
[15] Greenspoon, P. J., & Saklofske, D. H. (2001). Toward an integration of subjective well-being and psychopathology. Social Indicators Research, 54(1), 81-108.
[16] Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
[17] Gross, J. T., & Cassidy, J. (2019). Expressive suppression of negative emotions in children and adolescents: Theory, data, and a guide for future research. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1938-1950.
[18] Haines S. J., Gleeson J., Kuppens P., Hollenstein T., Ciarrochi J., Labuschagne I., & Koval P. (2016). The wisdom to know the difference: Strategy-situation fit in emotion regulation in daily life is associated with well-being. Psychological Science, 27(12), 1651-1659.
[19] Jankowski K. S., Zajenkowski M., & Stolarski M. (2020). What are the optimal levels of time perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r). Psychologica Belgica, 60(1), 164-183.
[20] Jazaieri H., Goldin P. R., & Gross J. J. (2017). Treating social anxiety disorder with CBT: Impact on emotion regulation and satisfaction with life. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(3), 406-416.
[21] McKay M. T., Worrell F. C., Zivkovic U., Temple E., Mello Z. R., Musil B., & Perry J. L. (2019). A balanced time perspective: Is it an exercise in empiricism, and does it relate meaningfully to health and well-being outcomes? International Journal of Psychology, 54(6), 775-785.
[22] Mooney A., Earl J. K., Mooney C. H., & Bateman H. (2017). Using balanced time perspective to explain well-being and planning in retirement. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 1781.
[23] Moore S. A., Zoellner L. A., & Mollenholt N. (2008). Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(9), 993-1000.
[24] Piguet C., Cojan Y., Sterpenich V., Desseilles M., Bertschy G., & Vuilleumier P. (2016). Alterations in neural systems mediating cognitive flexibility and inhibition in mood disorders. Human Brain Mapping, 37(4), 1335-1348.
[25] Rönnlund M., Koudriavtseva A., Germundsjö L., Eriksson T., Åström E., & Carelli M. G. (2019). Mindfulness promotes a more balanced time perspective: Correlational and intervention-based evidence. Mindfulness, 10(8), 1579-1591.
[26] Sheppes G., Scheibe S., Suri G., Radu P., Blechert J., & Gross J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(1), 163-181.
[27] Sobol-Kwapinska, M., & Jankowski, T. (2016). Positive time: Balanced time perspective and positive orientation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(4), 1511-1528.
[28] Spitzer R. L., Kroenke K., Williams J. B. W., & Lowe B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
[29] Stolarski M., Bitner J., & Zimbardo P. G. (2011). Time perspective, emotional intelligence and discounting of delayed awards. Time and Society, 20(3), 346-363.
[30] Stolarski M., Vowinckel J., Jankowski K. S., & Zajenkowski M. (2016). Mind the balance, be contented: Balanced time perspective mediates the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 27-31.
[31] Stolarski M., Zajenkowski M., Jankowski K. S., & Szymaniak K. (2020). Deviation from the balanced time perspective: A systematic review of empirical relationships with psychological variables. Personality and Individual Differences, 156, 109772.
[32] Tomich, P. L., & Tolich, A. (2021). Life is a balancing act: Deviation from a balanced time perspective mediates the relationship between lifetime trauma exposure and optimism. Current Psychology, 40(5), 2472-2480.
[33] Wang Y., Chen X. J., Cui J. F., & Liu L. L. (2015). Testing the Zimbardo time perspective inventory in the Chinese context. PsyCh Journal, 4(3), 166-175.
[34] Worrell F. C., Temple E. C., McKay M. T., Živkovič U., Perry J. L., Mello Z. R., & Cole J. C. (2018). A theoretical approach to resolving the psychometric problems associated with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory: Results from the USA, Australia, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 34, 41-51.
[35] Zimbardo P.,& Boyd, J. (2008). The time paradox: The new psychology of time that will change your life Free Press The new psychology of time that will change your life. Free Press.
[36] Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.

平衡时间洞察力与心理健康的关系:情绪调节策略的中介作用^*

Balanced Time Perspective and Mental Health: The Mediating Effects of Emotion Regulation Strategies

PDF

评审附件

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	黄莲琼, 罗曦, 侯玉波. 中国人的思维方式与心理健康：心理弹性与自尊的作用^*[J]. 心理科学, 2024, 47(2): 458-466.
[2]	姚雨佳, 徐舵, 桑标. 情绪调节策略使用习惯和选择偏好的分离效应：特质焦虑的调节作用 ^*[J]. 心理科学, 2023, 46(5): 1106-1113.
[3]	孟可强, 李凤兰, 王丽, 陈敏. 童年社会经济地位与农村成年居民心理健康：希望感和主观幸福感的作用 ^*[J]. 心理科学, 2023, 46(5): 1148-1155.
[4]	热比古丽·白克力杨晓辉王振宏. 中学生时间洞察力特质与健康行为选择内隐偏好：未来情景性思维的作用[J]. 心理科学, 2023, 46(1): 82-89.
[5]	王浩俞国良. 恋爱中大学生依恋焦虑与心理健康的关系：恋爱关系质量的中介和调节作用[J]. 心理科学, 2022, 45(5): 1092-1098.
[6]	刘振会陈奕妙李鑫金童林乌云特娜. 敬畏对跨期选择的影响：时间洞察力和时距敏感度的作用[J]. 心理科学, 2022, 45(4): 833-840.
[7]	苗瑞凯王俊秀. 通勤时间对心理健康的影响：基于美好生活的视角[J]. 心理科学, 2021, 44(3): 713-719.
[8]	钟毅平李琎王潇. 时间洞察力特质对食品选择偏好的影响：解释水平对内隐偏好的作用[J]. 心理科学, 2017, 40(5): 1161-1167.
[9]	籍元婕王真真杨璇丁嵬葛庆波. 事故后飞行员心理健康状况动态研究[J]. 心理科学, 2016, 39(6): 1514-1518.
[10]	张锋张焕安梦斐孙真真. 中学生的未来时间洞察力、时间管理自我监控和学业成绩的关系[J]. 心理科学, 2016, 39(4): 900-906.
[11]	谢义忠何俊萍. 大学毕业生就业能力、求职认知评价、就业不安全感对心理健康预测作用的追踪研究[J]. 心理科学, 2015, 38(6): 1432-1437.
[12]	海曼熊俊梅龚少英秦屹高苗苗. 心理健康双因素模型指标的再探讨及稳定性研究[J]. 心理科学, 2015, 38(6): 1404-1410.
[13]	邓欣媚桑标. 情绪调节效应的发展:一个V型发展趋势[J]. 心理科学, 2015, 38(3): 594-599.
[14]	钱玮吕巍金振宇. 思维聚焦对发展型文化消费产品购买意愿的影响[J]. 心理科学, 2015, 38(1): 185-190.
[15]	卢川郭斯萍. 国外精神性研究述评[J]. 心理科学, 2014, 37(2): 506-511.