With the development of mobile Internet and the development of digital Internet technology, short video app as a new form of media with explosive speed has occupied people's daily life in large quantities, which also caused many adverse effects on individuals. Due to the characteristics of short videos such as rich information and strong stimulation, it is easy for users to forget time and indulge in them, which in turn triggers rich emotional experiences and high emotional arousal. However, in the long run, this state will affect their ability to maintain the goal in the continuous performance tasks. The core feature of short video content: fragmentation, can also have an impact on an individual's cognitive habits and learning style. Individuals use fractions of their time to receive information delivery from a large number of fragmented videos, which makes them also think in a more one-sided and isolated way, and over time they are reluctant to expend additional cognitive resources to maintain appropriate behavioral responses to the task that requires sustained attention. Although some scholars have already focused on the negative consequences of short video use on cognitive functioning, fewer empirical studies have been conducted to examine the effect of short video use on goal maintenance. Thus, this study focuses on whether and how excessive use of short video app affects individuals' goal maintenance. First, based on the core characteristics of short videos, the effect of excessive short video app use on goal maintenance ability is explored. Second, based on the scattered attention hypothesis and scan-and-shift hypothesis, the eye movement differences in distraction of excessive short video app users are explored in comparison with non-excessive users, Farhermove,we explore whether excessive short video users have increased difficulty in inhibiting distractors, and whether distraction potentially mediates the effects of excessive short video use on goal maintenance. Therefore, this paper examined the effects of excessive short video use on goal maintenance and the mediating role of distraction using an eye movement tracking method.
In Study 1, we recruited 88 participants (49 excessive short video app users, 46 girls, Mage = 20.14 years, SDage = 1.68 years; 39 non-excessive users, 34 girls, Mage = 20.03 years, SDage= 1.81 years) to complete a conjunctive continuous performance task (CCPT). Descriptive statistical analysis and independent samples t-tests were conducted. The results showed that the group had the main effect on mean response time for correct responses (M-RT) and standard deviation of response times (SD-RT), t = -4.07, p < .01; t = -2.04, p < .05. The M-RT of excessive short video app users was significantly longer than that of non-excessive users (455 ms vs.421 ms), and the SD-RT of the former was also significantly greater than that of the latter (70 ms vs. 62 ms).
In Study 2, we recruited 49 participants (29 excessive short video app users, 25 girls, Mage = 19.62 years, SDage = 1.27 years; 20 non-excessive users, 18 girls, Mage = 19.95 years, SDage= 2.09 years) to complete the CCPT. Eye movement tracking method was used to investigate potential mediating role of distraction (assessed by a modified stroop task) in the effect of excessive short video use on goal maintenance. Descriptive statistical analysis and repeated-measures ANOVA were conducted. The results showed that: (1) Stroop task. Two significant main effects of group and condition were also observed in response time, F(1,47) = 6.51, p < .05, ηp2 = .12; F(1,47) = 35.40, p < .001, ηp2 = .43. The RT of excessive short video App users was significantly longer than that of non-excessive users (1096 ms vs. 930 ms), and participants responded faster in the congruent condition than in the incongruent condition (988 ms vs. 1038 ms). (2) Eye movements on the distractor. There were significant group differences in first fixation duration, probability of first fixation, mean fixation duration and mean number of fixations, F(1,47) = 5.88, p < .05, ηp2 = .02; F(1,47) = 7.65, p < .01, ηp2 = .14; F(1,47) = 6.21, p < .05, ηp2 = .12; F(1,47) = 6.97, p < .05, ηp2 = .13, indicating that excessive users had a longer first fixation duration (267 ms vs. 238 ms), more frequent first focus on the distraction stimulation (22% vs. 14%), a longer mean fixation duration for distraction stimulation (270 ms vs. 240 ms), and more fixations on distraction stimulation (49.69 fixations vs. 27.65 fixations), as compared to the non-excessive users; (3) Mediation effect. Using the ratio of first fixation and mean number of fixations on distractors as indicators of attentional distraction, we observed significant effects of attentional distraction in mediating the effect of excessive short-video use on target maintenance. These findings support the scattered attention hypothesis and scan-and-shift hypothesis from the perspective of attention distraction in explaining the impairment of excessive short video app use on the function of goal maintenance.
Key words
excessive short video use /
goal maintenance /
distraction /
continuous performance task
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