Abstract:

Time-based prospective memory is defined as the ability to remember to perform intended actions in the future (Einstein & McDaniel, 1996). Good time management requires the ability to both plan a schedule and keep to it (Francis-Smythe & Robertson, 1999). Good time managers are more likely to complete a task on time and as such be effective in their use of time management as an aid to time-based prospective memory (Francis-Smythe, 2006). High time urgency might predispose people to use effective time management behaviors as either compensatory or aiding strategies to perform the target task of time-based prospective memory on time. The Type A behavior pattern was first described as a set of behaviors that were related to development of coronary heart disease. People with Type A personality profiles are said to exhibit a strong sense of time urgency, an intense need to complete tasks, and a preoccupation with meeting deadlines. In contrast, people with Type B behavior pattern are much less driven by the deadline, so they are less concerned about completing tasks on time and meeting deadlines than their Type A counterparts in general (Searleman, 1996).As one of the main components of Type A behavior pattern, time urgency is considered to be a multi-dimensional construction which is composed of time awareness, scheduling, list making, eating behavior and deadline control.Therefore, with strong time urgency and deadline control, Type A behavior pattern, one of time-related personalities, is considered to be related with time-based prospective memory. On the basis of these studies, performances on time-based prospective memory task and ongoing task, time monitoring modes during performing time-based prospective memory task by subjects with A and B behavior patterns are compared in this research.We checked the time monitoring modes, which include times and accuracy of clock checking, the distributions of clock checking during intention retention when performing a time-based prospective memory task that is neither interpersonal in nature nor personally important to the subjects. As a result, we observed no significant difference in the performances of prospective memory between subjects with Type A and B personalities, while performance of ongoing task for Type A better than Type B personalities. Moreover, subjects with Type A personality checked clock less, but more accurately, than subjects with Type B personality did. As the target time was approachin

摘要：

通过对比A/B两种人格者在执行即无社会关系特征又无个人重要性的时间性前瞻记忆任务时的时间性前瞻记忆成绩和在执行时间性前瞻记忆过程中的时间监控模式，发现A/B型人格的背景任务成绩和TBPM任务成绩都没有显著差异，而时间监视模式有显著差异。说明A型人格被试能更高效的利用认知资源，以更高效和更策略的时间监控模式完成TBPM任务。也说明TBPM是一类与时间监控能力密切相关的前瞻记忆类型。

关键词: A/B型人格, 时间性前瞻记忆, 时间监控模式