The study adopted a “study-test” pattern and the materials of Chinese characters to explore the dissociation of recollection from familiarity in condition of conceptual-similarity using event-related potential (ERPs) measurements. The results showed that the familiarity effect was mainly reflected in the region of frontal during 330-430ms. The recollection effect was mainly reflected in the region of central and parietal during 430-600ms. In the case of Chinese characters, the study confirmed that the earlier N400 old\new effects reflected familiarity and the later parietal LPC reflected recollection. The study provided a new evidence for the hypothesis of dual-process from the Chinese material viewpoint.