Uyghur is a main minority language in China and which is a transparent orthography that means the printed words can be translated into the correct sequence of phonemes using a limited set of rules, it is different with Chinese language which used in China mainland. This study investigated the difficulty of Uyghur dyslexic children on lexical access to clarify the more basic mechanism than phonological awareness, naming speed, paired associate learning for dyslexia in different orthographies. In accordance with the achievement discrepancy definition, using the criteria for inclusion were a marked reading delay on a Uyghur One Minute Word Reading Test and normal performance on a nonverbal general intelligence test (IQ score of Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices were above 25%), 32 dyslexics (21 males and 11 females, all attending Grade 4) were selected from 1123 Uyghur pupils to participate in this study. Also，37 normal readers matched in age and IQ with dyslexic as the control group. We used picture naming task under different priming condition to test activation of phonological information in different representation level (lexical, syllable, onset) on the process of high frequency words’ lexical access for Uyghur dyslexics and control groups. The target picture was presented preceded by a prime item which was a two syllable Uyghur high frequency word at 2 kinds of SOA ( 60ms ,100ms). According to different of the phonological information that the priming word shared with the name of the target picture, there were 4 priming condition: lexical similar priming ---the priming word was the name of the picture; syllable similar priming -- the priming word only shared one syllable with the name of picture; onset similar priming ---only the onset of the priming word and the name of picture was same; unrelated priming condition--- primes and targets don’t have any the same phonological and meaning information .The analysis of reaction time showed that: active priming effects was obtained only in lexical priming condition at 60 ms SOA（p<.05）, in lexical （p<0.001）and syllable priming condition at 100 ms SOA for normal children; but the active priming effects wasn’t obtained for the dyslexic children at any SOA for all priming condition（p＞0.1）. The analysis of error rate showed that: the dyslexic children’s error rate under lexical priming condition significantly higher than other priming condition(syllable: p<.05,onse and unrelated: p<.0001)and the error rate under syllable similar priming condition significantly higher than onset similar and unrelated priming condition（p<.05）, namely displayed interference effect which was more under similar condition than less similar and unrelated condition; the normal children’s error rate under lexical similar priming condition significantly lower than other condition（p<.05）, namely displayed lexical facilitate effect. Moreover, the normal children’s reaction time of picture naming under all priming condition significantly shorter than that of dyslexics. The results indicated that: (1) At the process of Uyghur high frequency words’ lexical access for normal children, phonological information can be activated in lexical and sublexical level , but more quickly in lexical level than sublexical level; (2)Uyghur dyslexic children’s speed of activate and retrieve phonological information in lexical and sublexical level was significantly slower than that of Uyghur normal children, that because of the weakness of orthographic– phonological connectivity.