Abstract:

Trust is the willingness to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations of another’s behavior. Researchers have proposed the Dyadic Model, Rational Choice Model, Motivated Attributions Model and Perceived Trustworthiness-Cooperation Spiral Model of Trust Development. Psychological research has shown that betrayal has long-term bad effects on trust development. Recent research on the neural and physiological mechanism of trust has shown that oxytocin is associated with human trustworthiness and trust behavior and that trust is associated with the activation of dorsal striatum, anterior insula and brain areas that have been linked with reward processing: nucleus accumbens, the caudate nucleus, ventromedial frontal/orbitofrontal cortex, and rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Although there are numerous researches on trust to date at present, more research work are needed to disentangle the mysteries of the psychological and neurophysiologic underpinnings of human trust and trusting behavior.

Key words: trust, trust development, psychological mechanism, neurophysiologic mechanism, oxytocin

摘要：

信任是建立在对他人的意向或行为的积极预期基础上而敢于托付（愿意承受风险）的一种心理状态。心理学家以及组织管理学家通过对信任发展的研究提出了信任发展的二元互动模型、理性选择模型、动机归因模型和可信赖程度——合作双螺旋模型。背叛行为会对信任关系的建立与发展带来永久性的伤害。已有的关于信任的神经生理机制的研究表明：人们所表现出的信任行为与其催产素水平密切相关，而且信任与背纹状体、前脑岛以及处理奖赏信息相关的脑区——伏隔核、尾状核、腹内侧额叶/前额脑区底部和侧前扣带皮层——的活动相关联。尽管目前关于信任的研究已经取得了很大进展，但是要解开信任的心理机制及其神经生理机制之谜，还需要进一步的研究。

关键词: 信任, 信任发展, 心理机制, 神经生理机制, 催产素