The Sociometer Theory suggests that self-esteem is an internal, subjective marker of the individual’s inclusionary status and monitors the quality of people’s interpersonal relationships. So far, related researches of Sociometer Theory were carried out from two primary orientations: on the one hand to examine the effect of social acceptance and interpersonal evaluation on state self-esteem from the perspective of Social Feedback; on the other hand to examine how the trait self-esteem affects the social willingness and social decision-making from the perspective of social behavior. Future researches should discriminate the social context, and establish an integrated model among Social Feedback, mental change and behavior; moreover, need to examine the effect of the cognitive process about task on self-esteem.