Abstract: Regret is an emotion associated with a decision that turns out badly. It is classically elicited by a comparison between the outcome of a choice (what is) and the better outcome of foregone rejected alternatives (what might have been). This comparison process is counterfactual thinking. Little research focus on what course has experienced from facing decision making outcome to producing regret. Using simple decision-making task, researches find out that negative feedback induces more negative wave than positive within 200～300ms window following the presentation of the feedback stimuli. Partial studies point out that P300 is sensitive to correct-and-error. These two components are probably related to the process of regret. Eighteen healthy undergraduates participated in this study. On each trial, the subject viewed two gambles where different probabilities of financial gain or loss were represented by the relative size of colored sectors of a circle. The preferred gamble was indicated by the subject by means of a left or right button press. Once selected, the chosen gamble was highlighted on the screen by a white square which duration is 3000ms. The outcome of the selected gamble which duration is 3000ms resulted in financial gain or loss for the subject. Red indicates subject’s decision-making is error. Blue indicates it is correct. The results were analyzed using a three-way repeated measures ANOVA for three windows: 200～300ms, 300～400ms, 500-900ms. The three factors were decision-making’s outcome, left-right electrode sites and brain sites. The ANOVA results indicated that after 200～300ms following the presentation of the feedback stimuli, decision-making error induced more negative wave than correctness, which labeled as feedback-related negativity(FRN); Decision-making correct induced more positive P300 than error after 300～400ms of the feedback stimuli onset; Decision-making correct induced more positive late positive component (LPC) than error after 500～900ms of the feedback stimuli onset, and this phenomena showed significant right hemispheric specialization. FRN mainly process the significance information provided by feedback stimuli, P300 mainly process the valence of feedback stimuli. Those results also show that regret is probably related to LPC. In the future, it is necessary to control the magnitude of gain-and-loss to probe into those relationships.

Key words: regret, feedback-related negativity, P300, late positive component, event-related potentials

摘要： 采用运气轮博弈范式探讨后悔的加工时程。分析决策正误的ERPs发现，200～300ms决策错误比正确诱发更为负走向的波，表现为典型的FRN（feedback-related negativity, FRN）；300～400ms决策正确比错误诱发更大的P300。500～900ms决策正确比错误诱发更大的LPC（late positive component, LPC），并表现出明显的右半球优势效应。上述结果支持了FRN加工反馈刺激显著性信息和P300加工反馈刺激效价的观点，研究发现后悔与LPC可能具有密切关联。将来研究须在控制得失程度基础上，考察FRN、P300和LPC与效价、得失及得失程度和情绪体验的关系。

关键词: 后悔, FRN, P300, LPC, 事件相关电位