A total 2566 employees of 45 manufacturing-type enterprises in China were surveyed using well-established measures of organizational psychological ownership(OPO), organization-based self-esteem(OBSE), and positive organizational behavior(POB). this paper is to examine the effect of psychological ownership and organization-based self-esteem on the positive organizational behavior. The results consistently showed that positive organizational behavior is a significant positive relationship between organizational psychological ownership and organization-based self-esteem , and organizational psychological ownership and organization-based self-esteem are the positive predictor of positive organizational behavior. Further, the result also demonstrated that organization-based self-esteem has remarkably partial mediating effects on OPO-POB. Especially, honorary psychological ownership has more impact of each sub-factor of POB, and OBSE has remarkably effect on indulgent behavior、active behavior and behavior aimed at interpersonal harmony. The development of positive organizational behavior is directly beneficial to the performance of both organization and employees. Managers need to consider both psychological ownership of employees and employees’ organization-based self-esteem in trying to enhance positive organizational behavior.