A Review of the Properties of Reflected Self-appraisals

YUE Caizhen

Journal of Psychological Science ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3) : 735-739.

Journal of Psychological Science ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3) : 735-739.

A Review of the Properties of Reflected Self-appraisals

  • YUE Caizhen1,
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Abstract

Abstract: Reflected self-appraisals, defined as what the person believed others thought of him or her. It is essential in the formation of self-concept, on one hand, reflected self-appraisals directly influence one’s formation of self-concept; on the other hand, actual appraisals of other people would have remote-effect on self-perception through reflected self-appraisals. Furthermore, it has major affect on racial identity, people may infer others’ view on his own race and internalize these views as racial identity. As to the accuracy of reflected self-appraisal, people are better at understanding how others generally view them, but they seem to have just a tiny glimmer of insight into how they are uniquely viewed by particular other people. The reason may be that under the same circumstances, others may response in the similar way to one people, therefore one can randomly know how specific others deem him. Thus one can not have accurate views of specific others. Reflected self-appraisals on traits are more accurately than affection. Compare with those with low self-esteem, people with high self-esteem know others’ views on themselves more precisely. The accuracy of reflected self-appraisals may differ due to one’s familiarity with others. The accuracy of reflected self-appraisals under different cultural background also differs with each other. Three theoretical resources could be taken accounted for the formation of reflected self-appraisals, i.e. direct observation model, the feedback model, and self-theory model. According to the feedback theory, people observe others' reactions to their behavior and base their reflected self-appraisals on that feedback. According to the direct observation theory, people consider their behavior and then attempt to determine how that behavior influenced the other person's impression of them. From this perspective, people's behavior influences their reflected self-appraisals but does not affect self-perception. Finally, according to the self-theory view, people assume that their personalities, as they see them, will be immediately apparent to others, regardless of their behavior during particular social episodes. From this perspective, reflected self-appraisals is based on people's general views of themselves; people believe simply that others will see them as they see themselves. Interpersonal behavior plays no role in reflected self-appraisals. There is also some development on the neural mechanism of reflected self-appraisals. The neural mechanism is researched when one implements direct self appraisal and reflected self-appraisal, the result shows that the same region, as well as each particular region are activated by these two appraisals. We should construct reflected self-appraisals theory which is appropriate for our cultural background due to the cultural, social and historical differences between Eastern and Western societies. Furthermore, application of the self-reflective theory should be discussed.

Key words

reflected self-appraisals / self-concept / meta-perception / accuracy / neural mechanisms

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YUE Caizhen. A Review of the Properties of Reflected Self-appraisals[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2012, 35(3): 735-739

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