Abstract:

The metamemory monitoring plays a critical role in the memory activity, conducting the learners to study efficially. It contains EOL(ease of learning),FOK(feeling of knowing),JOL(judge of learning) and JOC(judge of confidence), which is a continuous process. This paper views the metamemory monitoring as a unitary process and makes a crosswise comparison with the research model, cognitive mechanisms and neural mechanisms of its indigrediences, including EOL, FOK, JOL and JOC. The current major research paradigms were systematically listed. Besides the traditional research model for each one, PRAM(Pre-judgment recall and monitoring) and second-order judgment for JOL, and game-show for FOK were reviewed. several major cognitive theory hypothesis were merged, including trace access mechanism for FOK and direct access hypothesis for JOL hypothesis which based on the strength of the target information, inferential mechanism for FOK and cue-familiarity hypothesison for JOL and FOK, which based on the strength of related information of the target, accessibility model and competition hypothesis for JOL and FOK which based on the total amount of information extracted, dual-process hypothesis for FOK which based on the seperation of FOK and FOnK, and the types of clues Perceived. Compared the neural activations in FOK,JOL and JOC, activations in ventral medial prefrontal cortex were associated with currect FOK and JOL, while activations in medial and lateral parietal regions were associated with JOC; However, compared with recognitive tasks, the neural activity related to metamemory is characterized by a shift from externally directed cognition, towards internally directed cognition. All these above explained the same and different aspects from the perspective of the neural mechanism. In the end, the evolution and dynamic research was summarized in metamemory monitoring fields. Several aspects are being expected to study. For one, it's difficult to draw a perfect conclution if only study in the respective recogintion mechanisms isolated from others, and a commom frame is needed to discuss the different recognition mechanisms. For another, it’s necessary to compare the recognition mechanisms and neural mechanisms in the same time in order to make a correspondence. The third, it’s more meaningful to study metamemory monitoring thoughout lifespan and during different culture. And finally, the apply study on how to improve the accuracy of metamemory ,such as spaced study, interactive imagery and so on is also valuable.

Key words: metamemory, monitoring, crosswise comparison

摘要：

元记忆监测在记忆活动中发挥重要作用。元记忆自FOK研究开始，到理论框架的提出，各种理论逐渐发展成熟。文章从元记忆监测总过程的视角对近年来EOL、FOK、JOL、JOC等元记忆监测成分的研究范式、认知机制及神经机制进行了横向比较，概述了元记忆监测研究的进展及动态。

关键词: 元记忆, 监测, 横向比较