Abstract: The researches about neurocognitive mechanisms of sentence processing in second language are at their stage of verification and exploration, primarily concentrating on the comparisons on reaction patterns between syntactic and semantic anomalies in native and second language. As for semantic processing of second language, the results are contradicted, which might be related to age of second language acquisition. For syntactic processing, second language learners showed their dependence on age of second language learning. Meanwhile, syntactic processing of second language depended on the similarities and discrepancies between native and second language, which might reveal the syntactic accessibility between them. The future studies should focus on the effects of systematic changes of semantic and syntactic accessibility on second language processing as well as the comparison on neurocognitive mechanisms between native speakers’ native and second language processing.

Key words: sentence processing, second language, neurocognitive mechanisms, ERP, semantic anomalies, syntactic anomalies

摘要： 二语句子加工认知神经机制的研究尚处于验证和探索阶段，基本上还集中于对一语和二语的语义违例与句法违例反应的比较，更缺乏动态的二语句子加工认知神经机制的研究。仅就二语语义加工而言，所得结果充满矛盾，这可能与二语习得年龄有关。就二语句法加工研究而言，二语学习者显示出依赖于二语学习年龄的不同模式。同时，二语的句法加工过程依赖于二语和一语的相似性与相异性。其深层原因可能意味着存在一语和二语之间的句法通达问题。为此，应当系统考察语义通达程度和句法通达程度的系统变化对二语加工加工可能会造成怎样的影响，同时应开展以某种语言（如汉语）的母语者其二语（如英语）句子加工认知神经机制和以前者的二语（如英语）母语者为被试开展以前者的母语（如汉语）为二语的句子加工认知神经机制的比较研究。

关键词: 句子加工, 二语, 认知神经机制, ERP, 语义违例, 句法违例