As transactional model suggested, children are not only the passive recipients, but also active participants during the interaction of family system (Sameroff & Mackenzie, 2003). Children with different temperament may react differently to the similar parenting and induce different parenting behaviors. However, this children-effect-on-parents is often underestimated, and whether it differs in cultural context is unexplored. Chen and his colleagues (1998) have pointed out that children’s temperament, such as behavioral inhibition, has different functional meanings in social interactions and adjustments in different cultural contexts. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible bidirectional relation between maternal parenting and children’s behavioral inhibition by using cross-lagged design. A sample of 104 Children from rural areas of Gansu, China, participated in this study. The children and their mothers were invited to visit local laboratory when they were at 4 years and 6 years old. Children’s behavioral inhibition and maternal parenting were observed during Free-Play, Puzzle task and Stranger Approach vignette. Cross-lagged regression analyses were carried out to study reciprocal influences between maternal parenting and children’s behavioral inhibition. The results showed that children’s behavioral inhibition at 4 years could predict their maternal acceptance and guidance-induction at 6 years after controlling their maternal acceptance and guidance-induction at 4 years; however, maternal parenting at 4 years could not predict children’s behavioral inhibition at 6 years after controlling their behavioral inhibition at 4 years. These findings highlighted children’s active role in parent-child interaction. Besides, the results indicated that children’s high behavioral inhibition might induce more maternal acceptance and guidance-induction in rural areas, which was different from the results in urban areas of China. Therefore, the results may help us understand transactional model of parent-child relationship and the cultural adjustment meanings of children’s temperament.