Abstract: Though the modern psychology has been trying to break away from the confinement of philosophy, its development, yet, tends spontaneously towards the epistemological orientation. And in fact empiricism and rationalism as well as hermeneutics have brought about vital impact on psychology development and each of the three, in terms of psychological study, holds fast to its own views in the aspects of the comprehension of natural property, the approach of knowledge acquisition and the manifestation of research findings as well as the selection of researching methods, from which, therefore, they are displaying three different features in the arena of the present psychology. In fact, empirical epistemology focuses on the characteristic description of various objects and empirical material collection, and it advocates that the presentational rules should be disclosed in the way of natural science study. Rationalism, however, concerns more about the intrinsic nature of objects and prefers to acquire a full understanding of definite phenomena through the ways of information processing, memory retrieval, schematic structure and perceptual input, and argues that the research findings can be revealed by formal schemata. But hermeneutics stresses the study of human activities and is very interested in the mutual effects between human beings and the environment. It tries to interpret all research findings semantically. Nevertheless, as for the psychology in the future, it is still required to perfect the theoretic foundation to confirm the researching methods that really fit for the study of human society and can fully illustrate the human nature.

Key words: psychology , epistemological orientation, empiricism, rationalism, hermeneutics

摘要： 虽然现代心理学一直想摆脱哲学的束缚与羁绊，但心理学的发展中总是自觉不自觉地表露出不同的认识论取向。经验主义、理性主义和解释学哲学对现代心理学的发展产生了重要影响。三种取向的心理学在心理学研究对象本质的理解、知识形成的途径、研究结果的表现形式以及研究方法的选择上各执己见，由此展现出三种不同的心理学风景。经验主义认识论注重事物各种特征的描述，经验材料的收集，主张采用自然科学研究方法以揭示现象的规律与法则。理性主义认识论关注现象背后的深层次结构，主张用信息加工、记忆检索、图式与结构、感觉输入等方式获得对现象本质的认识，并以形式结构的方式呈现研究结果。解释学认识论则注重对人类实践活动的理解，重视人与环境的相互作用，主张以语义的言说阐明研究结果。在未来，心理学仍需寻求完善的认识论基础，真正确立适于人性的心理学研究方式，以期展示人的完整本质。

关键词: 心理学, 认识论取向, 经验主义, 理性主义, 解释学