Collective action means a unity of actions adopted by group members to chance the unfavorable situation of the group and support or promote group interests (Wright, Taylor & Moghaddam, 1990). In the past decades, social psychological mechanism of collective action has been a focused topic (Van Zomeren & Iyer, 2009). The dual path model of collective action (Van Zomeren et al., 2004) is composed of emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. This model suggests that group members’ emotional experience of collective problems and group efficacy are two independent causality paths which promote collective action (Van Zomeren et al., 2004; Van Zomeren, Spears & Leach, 2008; Van Zomeren, Leach & Spears, 2010; Van Zomeren, Spears & Leach, 2010; Van Zomeren, Leach & Spears, 2012), and together with subjective perspective (psychological) and social perspective (structural), they can explain the mechanism of collective action. Based on the dual path model of collective action, the research was conducted to explore the social psychological mechanism of collective action from the perspective of group-based anger, group efficacy and inner obligation. Two studies were concluded in the research. In Study 1, Using electricity restriction in winter as the background of collective action, the approach adopted in this research was questionnaires. According to the results, the valid samples are 165 undergraduate students. The influences of group-based anger, group efficacy on collective action intentions were investigated. In addition, the mediator effects of inner obligation on the links between group-based anger, group efficacy and collective action intentions were explored. In Study 2, Using food safety issue in universities as the background of group disadvantage, participants were undergraduate students (N=121). By manipulating group-based anger and group efficacy, multiple factor variance analysis was used to test validity of the manipulations, and it showed that the manipulations were successful. In addition, using structural equation modeling, this experiment investigated the causal relationship between group-based anger, group efficacy and collective action intentions, and the mediating effects of inner obligation. Finally, the experiment investigated the mediating effects of self efficacy between group efficacy and inner obligation, using the method of structural equation modeling. The results showed that: (1) Group-based anger and group efficacy had significant predictive effect on collective action intentions, i.e. Collective action can be driven by group-based anger and group efficacy independently. The both processes exerted additive effects rather than mutual inhibitive effects on willingness to participate. That is to say, in the situation of high group anger and high group efficacy, group members’ intensions to participate in collective action are most intensive, which was proved in our study. (2) The effects of group-based anger and group efficacy on willingness to participate in collective action were mediated by inner obligation. That is to say, inner obligation links group-based emotions and instrumental reasons together to drive collective action. (3) Group efficacy and inner obligation was mediated by self efficacy, i.e. self efficacy is a bridge linking group efficacy and internal sense of responsibility to cope with group disadvantages.