Abstract: Motherland, native, homeland, and other place related concepts are important constructs, not only because they are relevant to the personal development, but also the hukou (户口) system and migrant movement exist in our country. Place related variables are important to understand the psychological world of the individual and collective. Migrant to a new place but not gain the new hukou produces a group which is named as outlanders comparing to natives. These two groups of people would have different feelings and relationships with the same place. Place identity is an important variable to describe person-place relationship, and has received considerable research attention since place is a fundamental component of personal identity. Four samples were sampled from a city of central China and a district of the west China, and two multiple-component internet samples were collected from a city of east China and a city of North China, and the total sample was composed of 3842 people, in which 44% were natives students or residents. Place identity scale revised from Lalli (1992) was used to measure the relationship between people and place they live at that time they answer the questionnaire. Several other measures (including risk perception scale, leave or stay intention scale, global satisfaction scale) were implemented on some of the six samples. Internal consistencies and inter-correlation coefficients of the subscales of the verbal place identity were tested, and found coefficients based on native samples were higher than outland samples in trends. On the mean level of the total score of the place identity, natives were significantly higher than the outlanders on all the five samples (effect sizes with the indication of Cohen’s d were 1.63 and 1.75 on the two samples of Kashi, 0.70 and 0.96 for the two samples of Wuhan, 0.53 and 0.54 for Shanghai sample and Beijing samples). Two samples from the west China were combined and the two samples from the central China were combined, samples of east and north China were combined, and a two-factor analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted to examine the differences between natives and outlanders on these three combined samples, and found significant interaction effect (?2=0.04), simple effects analysis indicated that there was the largest difference on the west sample, second larger difference on the central sample. The mediation effect of place identity between risk perception and leave or stay intention was lower on natives of the west China sample than on the other three subsamples (52% vs. 82%, 77%, 77%), and correlation between place identity and global satisfaction was significantly higher on native samples than outland samples (0.44 vs. 0.32 on Shanghai sample, and 0.56 vs. 0.26 on Beijing sample) especially on the north China sample. The psychological and social meanings of exploring the differences of place identity between natives and outlanders in different cities or districts and their values on the inclusive and sharing development of the city during the process of our urbanization were discussed. Future directions relating to the place identity were also put forward.

Key words: Place identity, natives, outlanders, district difference

摘要： 在西部和中部两地主要收集大学生样本，在华东和华北两地收集多样化样本，共得到3842个被试（44%为户籍或生源地界定的本地人）。用地方认同量表测量本、外地人的地方认同，同时在部分样本上测量其他变量。结果表明：本地人有更高的地方认同，这种本、外地人的差异在西部地区样本上更为明显，中部某市次之；西部、中部样本上的比较发现地方认同在风险知觉和去留意向之间的中介效应在西部本地样本上更低，华东和华北样本上的比较发现地方认同和满意度的相关在本地样本上有更紧密的关联。

关键词: 地方认同, 本地人, 外地人, 地区差异