Abstract: Based on different item presentation modes, five-factor approach personality test can be divided into sentential self-report test, adjective checklist test and nonverbal test. At present, there are many sentential self-report tests and adjective checklist tests, however nonverbal personality tests are still rare. Five-Factor Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire (FF-NPQ) was developed by Paunonen and his partners in 2001 and it is the only nonverbal personality test that has been widely accepted and used. Most items of FF-NPQ were selected from NPQ based on the five-factor model. There are five dimensions including extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience, and they were classified to the five factors according to the correlation between NPQ and the five factors using the construct-based method. The third step was to select 12 items in four dimensions of NPQ respectively, which had the highest correlation coefficients with the corresponding factor in the five-factor dimensions, and then include them into the final questionnaire. The only exception was the neuroticism dimension, which included the 8-item of one dimension in the NPQ. At last, 13 new items of neuroticism were redrawn and were tested together with the existing 8 items to select 12 most correlated items with neuroticism. Finally, the FF-NPQ contains 60 items and each factor is tested with 12 items. Each FF-NPQ item is a black and white picture, showing a central person engaging in a personality-related behavior. There will be one or more people in a picture and the one with black hair is the central person. Respondents are asked to consider the behavior depicted in the item and rate the probability that they would engage in a similar behavior and record their responses by selecting a number from a 7-point scale. FF-NPQ has good psychometric properties. Its internal consistency has been verified in more than ten countries, and almost all the results are higher than the standard value of 0.7. In addition, its convergent validity with some verbal five-factor personality tests is acceptable. Moreover, the score of FF-NPQ can predict tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, blood donations and many other complex behaviors. FF-NPQ enriches the forms of five-factor approach personality test. It can be applied to cross-cultural researches and can also be used to measure the personality of illiterate, the aged and people who have problems in verbal expression or reading comprehension. FF-NPQ is a semi-projective test which combines projective test and self-report test together. It is more objective than the projective test and can avoid the social desirability when compared with self-report test. However, little research about FF-NPQ has been done abroad so far and so has in China. It was developed in western culture, so some items may not be suitable for non-western culture and need to be carefully used in cross-cultural research. FF-NPQ represents a trend of semi-projective personality test. It shows good reliability and validity and can improve the accuracy of the cross-cultural personality research, so it is worth being introduced and revised.

Key words: FF-NPQ, five-factor approach, semi-projective test

摘要： 非言语五因素人格问卷(FF-NPQ)由Paunonen等人于2001年开发，用于测查人格五因素。它是一种半投射式人格测验，由60幅黑白图片组成，被试用7点李克特量表评价图中中心人物的行为。FF-NPQ多用于跨文化研究，也可用于文盲、老人或有语言、阅读障碍人群的人格研究。多个国家研究表明，FF-NPQ的内部一致性信度、与多个言语式五因素人格问卷的会聚效度及对行为的预测效度，均达到了心理测量学要求。在中国，该测验尚未使用，建议引进并根据使用情况修订。

关键词: 非言语五因素人格问卷（FF-NPQ）, 五因素取向, 半投射式测验