PDF(748 KB)
Seeing the Linda Problem Based on the Context Dependent Conceptual Structure
LI Xiao-Ping
Journal of Psychological Science ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5) : 1033-1039.
PDF(748 KB)
PDF(748 KB)
Seeing the Linda Problem Based on the Context Dependent Conceptual Structure
Abstract The context dependent conceptual structure based perspective of the Linda problem was proposed in this paper. The perspective argued that the conceptual structure seen by people between the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F may be different. What more, when the conceptual structures of the T and F in the T & F are bigger than the T and F correspondingly, the judge about the T&F>T and the T&F>F may be reasonable. Not all the judges above are fallacies or illusions at least. Three studies were conducted and a total of 210 participants were recruited in this research. In study 1, in order to investigate whether subjects seeing the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F differently or not, and whether the differences between them could affect the rate of the judges which can be seen as fallacy or not, the professionalism of the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F perceived by the participants were investigated separately by rating after finishing the Linda problem. In study 2, in order to replicate the result in study 1 in the ranking scenario ,like the study 1, the comparative professionalism of the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F perceived by the participants were investigated by ranking after finishing the Linda problem; In study 3, in order to investigate the level of the fallacy could be lower or not when the conceptual of the T and F are constrained more strictly, the original Linda problem and the modified problem which all the conjuncts were constrained by the words “professional” both were sent to participants. The results show that: (1)In study1, the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F perceived by the participants are actually different between their professionalism; and the level of the fallacy is significant lower when the fallacy which can be described by the perspective in this paper excluded. (2) In study 2, the results replicated the results in study 1 though the method of the investigation was changed from rating to ranking. (3) The level of the fallacy in the modified Linda problem is actually lower than the original one. All the results support that the context dependent conceptual structure is one of the reasons that the “fallacy” exits .And the level of the fallacy is not so high when the reason of the context dependent conceptual structure are excluded.
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