Abstract:

Abstract The context dependent conceptual structure based perspective of the Linda problem was proposed in this paper. The perspective argued that the conceptual structure seen by people between the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F may be different. What more, when the conceptual structures of the T and F in the T & F are bigger than the T and F correspondingly, the judge about the T&F>T and the T&F>F may be reasonable. Not all the judges above are fallacies or illusions at least. Three studies were conducted and a total of 210 participants were recruited in this research. In study 1, in order to investigate whether subjects seeing the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F differently or not, and whether the differences between them could affect the rate of the judges which can be seen as fallacy or not, the professionalism of the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F perceived by the participants were investigated separately by rating after finishing the Linda problem. In study 2, in order to replicate the result in study 1 in the ranking scenario ,like the study 1, the comparative professionalism of the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F perceived by the participants were investigated by ranking after finishing the Linda problem; In study 3, in order to investigate the level of the fallacy could be lower or not when the conceptual of the T and F are constrained more strictly, the original Linda problem and the modified problem which all the conjuncts were constrained by the words “professional” both were sent to participants. The results show that: (1)In study1, the T and the T in T&F, and the F and the F in T&F perceived by the participants are actually different between their professionalism; and the level of the fallacy is significant lower when the fallacy which can be described by the perspective in this paper excluded. (2) In study 2, the results replicated the results in study 1 though the method of the investigation was changed from rating to ranking. (3) The level of the fallacy in the modified Linda problem is actually lower than the original one. All the results support that the context dependent conceptual structure is one of the reasons that the “fallacy” exits .And the level of the fallacy is not so high when the reason of the context dependent conceptual structure are excluded.

摘要：

摘 要：本文首先提出了Linda问题的概念范畴情境化视角。该视角认为，Linda问题中的T与F的范畴与分别同T&F中T与F的范畴并不一定相同，当T&F中的T和F至少有一者的范畴较相应的T或F有较大的扩大，且同时另外一者至少较相应T或F有略微的扩大时，就有可能导致T&F>T或T&F>F为合理判断而非谬误的情形，因而至少不能将所有的T&F>或T&F>F的判断都归为谬误。本文通过三项研究发现，被试对T&F中T与F和T与F的专业性判断并不完全相同；排除女权的专业性合取事件<女权的专业性独立呈现且出纳的专业性合取事件<出纳的专业性独立呈现者，所谓谬误水平显著下降；对Linda问题的排序项增加“专业的或职业的”限定词，以增加相应概念范畴的稳定性，显著减少合取谬误。这些结果说明，Linda问题的概念范畴情境化视角获得了支持。