Abstract:

Social competence is a classic question in the field of psychology. Previous studies have explored the relationship between social competence and other factors, as well as the impact of social culture and environmental factors on children's social competence development. Over the past few decades, China's economy grew rapidly, society underwent great changes, and the resulting impact can’t be ignored. However, based?on the review of existing studies, we found few studies realizing the important role of the time factor (social changes) on children’s social competence development. From both static and dynamic perspective, the study discussed many factors that influence the development of social competence to explore its development process. First of all, the paper introduces two main conceptions of social competence used in previous studies. Then, latest research results on cultural environment and social change were reviewed, which bring us some useful inspiration. For example, we can reduce the adverse effects of poor economic condition by creating a better home environment and develop children’ social competence by creating a good class atmosphere and providing more emotional support from teachers. In addition, we should take full advantages of social change and economic development to provide children with rich social education resource and develop children’s autonomy, social initiative and other social competence. So that they can better adapt to the changing social environment. Finally, in order to deeply explore the developmental characteristics and impact mechanism of children’s social competence and promote its healthy development, this paper points out that the future research in this area should pay attention to following aspects. First, researchers need to emphasis on clarification conception of social competence. That means future research should be conducted in a unified theoretical framework to facilitate comparison and integration of results from different studies. Second, Interactions and dynamics of various factors should be valued. Social development is a dynamic process, in which social and cultural environment are evolved. Researchers need to treat the impact of social and cultural environment with an ongoing and varying perspective, simultaneously, consider the interaction of various factors on the different environmental aspects. At last, attentions need to be paid to the improvement of the research methods. Different measurement methods can be used in further research according to children’s age. Longitudinal study can be employed to explore the impact of various social and cultural environment factors on the initial levels and growth of social competence. Afterwards, we can develop a more accurate description of developmental trajectories of children's social competence. Our findings suggest that developmental trajectories of social competence are influenced by both social cultural environment and social changes. Future research needs to be conducted to value the role of time factor and explore the developmental model of children's social competence with an ongoing and varying perspective.

摘要：

社会能力是指个体在人际和社会活动中所需的基本技能。本文从文化环境和社会变迁视角出发，审视影响儿童社会能力发展的诸多因素，并依次介绍目前国内外在两大研究视角上的最新研究成果。文章的最后强调该领域的研究应该明晰社会能力的概念，关注各影响因素的交互作用和动态过程，以及研究方法的改进，以便更加深入探寻社会能力发展的规律和机制。