Abstract: Reading is not only an essential approach to get information, but also a important way to obtain new knowledge for children. The developmental dyslexia is a kind of specific learning disabilities. What is the underlying cause? A lot of researchers have dedicated to this issue. In western alphabetic language system, phonological awareness is recognized as the core deficit and the best predictor of reading. However, in recent years, a number of studies further explore the cognitive mechanism of the developmental dyslexia from the new perspective of working memory. The graphemes – phonemes binding deficits processing has been the focus of developmental dyslexia research during the last decades. Feature binding is an encoded way to store working memory in cognitive psychology, that is to say, people regard the various and complex features as a whole to stimulate memory. Based on the above theory, the basic process of reading is a coding processing that making grapheme – phoneme binding as a unit. Previous study tested the predicted role of visual acuity, phonological awareness and grapheme – sound binding in reading level ability of 8-year-old child who come from China (Hong Kong and Taiwan) and the United Kingdom. The results show that grapheme – phoneme binding is the strongest predictor of Chinese reading. To further explore how grapheme - phoneme binding deficit paradigm may affect children’s developmental dyslexia, cross-channel integration processing is a new trend to explore the fundamental cognitive processing of developmental dyslexia in China. Therefore, there are three kind of methods were used to examine the graphemes – phonemes binding deficit in different language system. The first one is paired- association learning (PAL), were widely used to distinguish developmental dyslexia children and the normal children. And then the second one is change detection task (CDT), which is different from PAL and is more effective to improve the grapheme - phoneme binding deficit from the perspective of feature binding in working memory. Last but not least, a cued recall task (CRT) was usually combine with change detection task, and provide the new clue to make up with grapheme - phoneme binding deficit. In this review, it has also been revealed that the nature of graphemes – phonemes binding processing of developmental dyslexia between non-dyslexia group and dyslexia group by the difference in brain neural mechanism. In alphabetic language system, a lot of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies shown that, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG) is the key brain neural mechanism for graphemes – phonemes binding deficit adults group. However, the graphemes – phonemes binding research in Chinese developmental dyslexia still remain in cognitive behavioral level, and disagreements in selecting criteria of subjects and in experimental paradigms. Further research in this area should address the specificity of Chinese dyslexia, and expect to investigate the cognitive and neural mechanism of the graphemes – phonemes binding processing by the empirical research.

Key words: developmental dyslexia, graphemes – phonemes binding, paradigm, brain mechanism

摘要： 形音捆绑缺陷研究是国内外阅读障碍研究领域的一个新方向。本文阐述了形音捆绑加工的理论与定义，综述了国内外研究者经常采用的三种形音捆绑的研究范式：配对联想学习、变化检测范式和线索回忆任务，介绍并分析了各研究范式的优缺点、适用范围及主要研究发现。同时，综述与评价了国内外有关阅读障碍形音捆绑缺陷的脑机制研究的主要结论及不足。最后，本文讨论了现有研究在实验设计和理论上的贡献与不足，提出了今后本领域的研究方向和改进建议。

关键词: 阅读障碍, 形音捆绑, 实验范式, 脑神经机制