Abstract: Green exercise refers to doing physical exercises involved in nature, which appears to have synergistic benefits. Green exercise emphasizes the importance of natural environment, which would enhance the psychological benefits of exercise. Currently, researchers in western countries have discussed the psychological benefits of natural environment on physical exercise. However, few studies have found in China. Therefore, the present study reviewed the green exercise literatures from the perspective of combination of physical exercise and natural environment, aiming to promote psychological studies of green exercise in China, and provide support for the realization of scientific exercise and exercise psychological benefit maximization. Most studies in green exercise area adopted pre- and post-test experimental design to investigate the psychological benefits of green exercise, meanwhile environmental, individual and (or) exercise variables were often operated accordingly. Environmental variables operation was as follows: (a) psychological effects in natural and non-natural environment were compared to examine the possibility of green exercise benefits (Frühauf et al., 2016; Gidlow et al., 2016; Marselle et al., 2013); (b) different types of natural environment were compared to discuss the effect of environment on psychological benefits of green exercise (Barton, & J. Pretty, 2010; Rogerson et al., 2015); (c) simulated natural and non-natural indoor environments were compared to discuss the possibility of simulated green exercise environment (Duncan et al., 2014; J. Pretty et al., 2005; Rogerson, & Barton, 2015; Plante et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2012; White et al., 2015). In addition, the characteristics of exercise (exercise intensity, duration, frequency) and individual (gender, age, health level) were often operated between groups, in order to probe into the relationship between exercise and natural environment (Barton, & J. Pretty, 2010; J. Pretty et al., 2007), or discuss the psychological effects of green exercise on different person (Barton, & J. Pretty, 2010; Taylor, & Kuo, 2009). And the measurement of psychological benefits of green exercise includes mood, self-esteem, affective state, well-being, attention, stress, anxiety and RPE. There are two models for explaining the benefit of green exercise, i.e. Psychoevolutionary Model and Attention Restoration Theory (R. Kaplan, & S. Kaplan, 1989; Ulrich, 1991). And other study attempted to explore the mechanism of green exercise by separating key factors in natural environments, showed that the benefits might be due to the green color. However, the perception of individuals is holistic, that is, the shape and color are synthetically reconciled when placing one in the natural environments. The mechanism of green exercise benefits is not clear and it is necessary to explore further studies. Recently, green exercise is a new topic in physical exercise, while it is lack of enough attention in China. And the potential mechanism of green exercise still needs further researches. So, we suggest that, in the future, researchers should be concerned to the following questions in green exercise: (a) demonstrate more about the psychological benefits of green exercise; (b) focus on the mechanism of green exercise, especially the roles of cognitive processing and evaluation; (c) the interaction of physical exercise and natural environment need more concerned; (d) how to simulate the natural environments indoors to maximize the psychological benefits of scientific exercise; (e) be caution to control the environment variables in physical exercise researches, in which independent variables are often exercise characters.

Key words: Green Exercise, Benefits, Physical Activities, Nature

摘要： 绿色锻炼是指在自然绿色环境中进行身体锻炼，研究主要采用前后测实验设计，常操纵绿色环境、身体锻炼以及个体等变量，通过比较各条件下绿色锻炼心理效益的差异，探讨和验证了绿色锻炼的心理效益。然而，绿色锻炼的机制尚不明确，锻炼行为对绿色锻炼心理效益的影响还存在争论。我国的相关研究较少，缺乏探讨环境与身体锻炼融合的实证研究。绿色锻炼心理效益内在机制、影响因素以及人工模拟环境的有效性将是今后研究的热点。

关键词: 绿色锻炼, 锻炼效益, 身体锻炼, 自然环境