As an important ability allowing individuals recover quickly after a traumatic experience or adapt adversity well, resilience is defined to be correlated with life satisfaction, mental health and happiness. Previous studies showed that individuals’ self-regulatory abilities could influence the development of resilience, especially among the adolescents. Beyond the hedonic principle, in the field of self-regulatory research, Higgins’s regulatory focus theory (RFT) further listed two different regulatory inclinations, the promotion regulatory focus which is related with development and improvement and the prevention regulatory focus which is related with protection and security. And it is also presents the true nature motivation of people approach and avoid pain (Higgins, 1998). Some studies found that the kind of approach strategy is helpful for the resilience enhancing (Villasana, Alonso-Tapia, & Ruiz, 2016; Thompson, Mcbride, Hosford, & Halaas, 2016), but the avoidant strategy can also improve the psychological adaptation of people, such as avoiding or depressing emotion (Coifman, Bonanno, Ray, & Gross, 2007). The strategy that individuals adopt when people faced with the stress will reflects the desired end-state that individuals pursue. No matter whether the desired end-state is striving for accomplishment and aspiration or safety and responsibilities, the strategy that people adopted would influence the result of circumstance adaptation and the training of coping capacity. Considering the other two protective factors of meta-mood and coping style, the purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between regulatory focus and the resilience of adolescents as well as the chain mediation mechanism of meta-emotion and coping style. A total number of 899 volunteers (411 males and 488 females; mean age =15.11 years, SD=1.36) in four different middle schools of Anhui Province were recruited for this research. They were asked to complete the questionnaires of Regulatory Focus Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, respectively. The correlation analysis among the variables was processed by SPSS?18.0 software, following which a mediation analysis, based on bias-corrected bootstrap method by structural equation modeling (SEM) using Mplus? 7.0, was operated. The research indicates that (1) Adolescents in this study score higher than average in regardless of promotion focus, prevention focus, meta-mood, positive reaction or resilience. Meta-mood values of adolescents vary prominently among different genders. And males achieve higher scores in Meta-mood values than females do. Also, for middle and high school students, research reveal significant differences in meta-mood and resilience levels of them. High school students achieve superior evaluation than those from middle schools. (2) Adolescents’ regulatory focus, meta-mood and coping style are significantly and positively associated with their resilience. The meta-mood of adolescents has a significantly positive correlation with their coping style and resilience. And the correlation between promotion focus and negative coping style is not significant in this study. (3) The promotion regulatory focus of adolescents has a notably positive impact on resilience directly and also a positive impact through meta-mood and positive coping style indirectly, whereas a negative impact on resilience through meta-mood and negative coping style. (4) The prevention regulatory focus of adolescents has a positive impact on adolescents’ resilience indirectly through meta-mood and positive coping style, whereas a negative impact on resilience through meta-mood and negative coping style indirectly. The study drew the following main conclusion that meta-mood and coping style have a chain mediating effect between regulatory focus and resilience of adolescents.